Equisetum palustre L.

Marsh horsetail (en), Prêle des marais (fr)

Species

Pteridophytes > Equisetales > Equisetaceae > Equisetum

Characteristics

Plants small to medium-sized. Rhizome erect or creeping, blackish brown, nodes and roots with long yellowish brown trichomes or glabrous. Aerial stem annual, monomorphic, with branches often clumped at base of aerial stems, 20-50(-60) cm tall, 1.5-2 mm in diam. at middle, green, but those of lower 1 or 2 nodes blackish brown, not lustrous; internodes 2-4 cm. Main stem 4-7-ridged; ridges arc-shaped abaxially and glabrous or with small cross grains; sheath tubes long, narrow, lower portion grayish green, upper portion light brown; back of sheath with a shallow groove; sheath teeth 4-7, blackish brown, lanceolate, membranous at margin, acuminate at apex, persistent. Lateral branches robust, up to 20 cm, terete to complanate, 4-6-ridged, glabrous or with small pale cross grains; sheath teeth 4-6, grayish green, lanceolate, thinly leathery, persistent. Strobilus ellipsoid or terete, 0.6-2.5 cm, 4-6 mm in diam., apex blunt; stalk prolonged when mature, 0.8-1.2 cm. 2n = 216.
More
Stems annual, all alike, 2–8 dm, deeply 5–10-sulcate, smooth to the touch but with minute transverse ridge-wrinkles on the angles, the stomates in a single broad band in each furrow, the central cavity small, less than 1/3 the diameter of the stem, about the size of the vallecular cavities; sheaths green, 5–10 mm, rather loose, with persistent teeth, these 3–7 mm, black or dark brown at least in part, with evident, often rather broad, pale and hyaline margins; branches few and irregular to numerous and whorled at the middle and upper nodes, 5–6-angled, simple, the first internode shorter than the associated stem-sheath; cone pedunculate, 1–3.5 cm, blunt, deciduous. Streambanks, wet meadows, and marshes; circumboreal, in Amer. s. to Pa., Ill., N.D., and Wash.
Aerial stems monomorphic, green, branched or unbranched, 20--80 cm; hollow center small, to 1/3 stem diam.; vallecular canals nearly as large. Sheaths elongate, 4--9 × 2--5 mm; teeth dark, 5--10, narrow, 2--5 mm, margins white, scarious. Branches when present only from midstem nodes, spreading, hollow; ridges 4--6; valleys rounded; 1st internode of each branch shorter than subtending stem sheath; sheath teeth narrow. 2 n =216.
A herb.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination hydrogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.23 - 0.6
Root system creeping-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Bogs, fens, marshes and wet heaths, woods and meadows throughout Britain, ascending to 900 metres.
More
It is a temperate plant. It grows in damp or marshy ground.
Light 5-9
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 2-6

Usage

The leaves are dried and used for tea.
Uses medicinal poison tea wood
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Laxatives (unspecified), Inflammatory bowel diseases (whole plant), Stomach diseases (whole plant)
Human toxicity toxic (aerial)
Animal toxicity strong toxic (aerial)

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions.
Mode divisions
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -38
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Equisetum palustre habit picture by Eric Bossard (cc-by-sa)
Equisetum palustre habit picture by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)
Equisetum palustre habit picture by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Equisetum palustre leaf picture by Cor van de Lustgraaf (cc-by-sa)
Equisetum palustre leaf picture by mava (cc-by-sa)
Equisetum palustre leaf picture by von Waldthausen Clara (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Equisetum palustre flower picture by George Smith (cc-by-sa)
Equisetum palustre flower picture by Hans Stroeken (cc-by-sa)
Equisetum palustre flower picture by robbieboomsma (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Equisetum palustre fruit picture by Kampf Robert (cc-by-sa)
Equisetum palustre fruit picture by Martin Bishop (cc-by-sa)
Equisetum palustre fruit picture by Peter V (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Equisetum palustre world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iceland, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, North Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, Pakistan, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Equisetum palustre threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30039890-2
WFO ID wfo-0001108921
COL ID 6FYJ9
BDTFX ID 24552
INPN ID 96534
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Equisetum palustre f. nigridens Equisetum palustre f. palustre Equisetum palustre f. fallax Equisetum palustre var. americanum Equisetum palustre f. tenue Equisetum palustre f. luxurians Equisetum palustre f. fluitans Equisetum palustre var. szechuanense Equisetum palustre var. fallax Equisetum palustre var. polystachyum Equisetum palustre var. simplicissimum Equisetum palustre var. tenue Equisetum palustre