Erythrina caffra Thunb.

Coast coral tree (en), Érythrine (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Erythrina

Characteristics

Tree to 12 m high or more. Leaves 3-foliolate; terminal leaflet broadly ovate to deltoid-rhomboid, 7–10 cm long and broad, ± truncate at base or contracted onto petiolule, glabrous at maturity, without thorns; stipules caducous; stipels globose, glandular, becoming ± conoid, 0.5–1 mm long. Inflorescence axillary towards ends of branches, c. 10 cm long, dense, c. 12–20-flowered; rachis brown tomentose. Calyx obliquely 2-lipped by splitting, 17–20 mm long, obscurely toothed, crisped-puberulous. Petals vermilion, orange or orange-scarlet to almost pale yellow; standard oblanceolate, 4 cm long, spreading, reflexed; wings and keel c. 1 cm long. Pod 10–15 cm long, strongly contracted between seeds. Seeds ellipsoidal, 7–9 mm long, scarlet. A more detailed description is provided by Bean (2008).
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Tree, 6-18 m high. Branches pale, rugose with prickles. Leaves 3-foliate, clustered near ends of twigs, glabrous with two small glands at base of petiolule. Leaflets: lateral ones similar in shape to terminal leaflet, usually acuminate, glabrous; leaves unarmed. Flowers orange-scarlet in colour, horizontal or ascending, gaping; flowers appearing before new leaves. Calyx with brown, campanulate tube, splitting laterally at anthesis. Petals: standard short and broad, strongly arcuate, exposing stamens; wings and keel comparatively long. Stamens monadelphous with filament tube slit right or left of vexillary stamen. Flowering time winter to early spring. Pod few seeded, constricted between seeds, subligneous, sickle-shaped, smooth. Seeds scarlet, with a black hilum.
Leaves scattered or clustered at ends of twigs, unarmed, glabrous; terminal leaflet 8–16 × 8–18 cm, broadly to very broadly ovate, often broader than long, acuminate; lateral leaflets 7.5–13 × 4.5–12(13.5) cm, ovate to elliptic, asymmetric; petiole 6–16 cm long, glabrous and unarmed when mature; rhachis 2.8–7.8 cm long; stipules minute, caducous.
Inflorescence a dense terminal pseudoraceme; appearing before the leaves; flowers spreading; peduncle 19–38 cm long, glabrous at maturity; rhachis 2–4.5 cm long; bracts membranous, ovate, caducous; pedicels 2–6 mm long; bracteoles minute, linear.
Corolla red, glabrous; standard 3.5–5.5 × 1.4–2.8 cm, obovate or elliptic, strongly reflexed; wings 0.9–2.4 × 0.3–1.1 cm, oblong; keel 0.8–2.1 × 0.4–1.4 cm, oblong, the petals fused along their lower margin.
Deciduous, prickly tree to 20 m. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate, leaflets rhombic-deltoid. Flowers red to pink, standard recurved, calyx bilabiate at maturity.
Vexillary stamen free or joined only at the base, others fused into a sheath along two-thirds of their length.
Pod black, (10)12–20 cm long, irregularly constricted between the c. 4–6 seeds, glabrous when mature.
Seeds red, 6–8 × 4–6 × 2–3 mm; hilum black, 3–4 mm long, elliptic.
Tree (3.5)7–18 m tall, branches armed with prickles.
Ovary 1.4–2.7 cm long, narrowly cylindrical.
Calyx 1–1.9 cm long, 2-lipped, tomentose.
A tree.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 12.0 - 18.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Coastal sheltered forests and wooded stream banks at elevations up to 200 metres.
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It is a tropical plant.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Uses animal food environmental use fodder food material medicinal ornamental poison wood
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 10 - 15
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) 16 - 28
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Flower

Erythrina caffra flower picture by Ron K (cc-by-sa)
Erythrina caffra flower picture by indi e iñigo (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Erythrina caffra world distribution map, present in Australia, India, Kenya, Mozambique, and South Africa

Conservation status

Erythrina caffra threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:494373-1
WFO ID wfo-0000180608
COL ID 6H3XX
BDTFX ID 126460
INPN ID 670771
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Erythrina caffra Chirocalyx pubescens Erythrina fissa Erythrina viarum Duchassaingia caffra Erythrina insignis Erythrina constantiana Corallodendron caffrum