Erythrina fusca Lour.

Bucayo (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Erythrina

Characteristics

Tree to 24 m. (fide Corner) tall, with short trunk and spreading crown, armed with spines; flowering when leaves are present.. Stems pale, mostly covered with short almost straight black prickles, glabrescent.. Leaflets mostly paler beneath or glaucous, subcoriaceous, elliptic, 2·5–15(–20) cm. long, 1·4–8·5(–15) cm. wide, rounded or less often subacute at both ends, glabrous above and beneath or with dense closely adpressed hairs beneath producing a finely velvety texture; veins and midrib with or, more often, without prickles; petiole 1–19 cm. long, not or very sparsely prickly; rhachis 0·5–5 cm. long; petiolules 0·2–1·3 cm. long.. Inflorescences covered with deciduous ferruginous hairs, mostly unarmed; rhachis 8–30 cm. long; peduncle 2·5–13 cm. long; pedicels 0·5–2 cm. long, pubescent; bracts and bracteoles ovate, up to 2·5 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, deciduous.. Calyx asymmetrically broadly campanulate, 1·2–1·7 cm. long on keel side, 1–1·4 cm. long on standard side, lacerate or mostly ± entire, but with short thick 0·5–1·5 mm. long spur on keel side conspicuous in bud, ferruginous pubescent with deciduous hairs.. Standard orange or scarlet, long-clawed, rounded-rhombic, (3–)4·7–6·8 cm. long, 3·5–5·8 cm. wide, rounded or emarginate, narrowed at base; keel slightly longer than the wings.. Pods shortly stipitate, linear, compressed, 14–33 cm. long, 1·4–1·8 cm. wide, 6–10-seeded, margined, slightly constricted between the seeds, densely velvety adpressed ferrugin-ously hairy when young, later glabrescent; valves ± completely separating, ridged outside.. Seeds dark brown or blackish with black markings, oblong or oblong-ellipsoid, longest dimension 1·2–1·8 cm., shorter dimensions 5–8 mm.; hilum elliptic, 6–7·5 mm. long.
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An evergreen tree. It grows to 5-26 m high and spreads to 3 m across. Trees can lose their leaves. The stem is erect and sturdy and has prickles along it. The trunk branches and forks and can be crooked. It can have buttresses. The bark is grey or green and is cracked and flaky. The leaves have 3 leaflets. They are yellowish green on top and with a bluish green bloom underneath. They are thick and oval and 2.5-15 cm long by 1.4-15 cm wide. The leaf stalks are 1-19 cm long have prickles. The flowers are pea shaped and scarlet. They occur in large branching sprays at the ends of branches. This flower spray stalk is 8-13 cm long with flower stalks 3-13 cm long. The flower standard is bright orange-red. It is 4-7 cm long and 4-6 cm wide. The fruit are pods which have stalks. The pods are 14-33 cm long and 1.4-1.8 cm wide. There are 6-12 seeds in a pod. The pod is slightly constricted between the seeds. They are densely velvety. The seeds are dark brown and oblong. They are 1.2-1.8 cm long by 5-8 mm wide.
Large trees. Leaves with the leaflets ovate to oblong, 7-14 cm long, 5-11 cm wide, round obtuse apically, obtuse to vaguely cordate basally, thin coriaceous, minutely bullate, usually green, glabrous above, puberulent to minutely farinose below, the principal secondary veins, 6-9, the costa prominulous above, often aculeate; petioles 9-13 cm long, ca. 0.3 cm wide, minutely puberulent to glabrous; rachises 8-25 cm long, pubescent, often acufleate. Inflorescence with bracts and bracteoles ovate or broadly ovate, to 2 mm long; pedicels to 2 cm long and 0.2 cm wide. Flowers with the calyx broadly campanulate, to 17 mm long, asym-metric, longer on the lower side, chartaceous, pubescent, the hairs deciduous, the teeth scarcely evident; standard orange, trapeziform, to 90 mm long and 40 mm wide, widely deltoid apically, obtuse basally, coriaceous, glabrous, the claw
ca. 20 mm long, the wing petals obliquely semicircular, ca. 25 mm long and 20 mm wide, obliquely rounded apically, the claw scarcely evident, the keel petals connate, ovate falcate, about twice the length of the wing petals, 12-17 mm wide, truncate, oblique basally; staminal sheath ca. 17 mm long, coriaceous, glabrous, the filaments crassate, ca. 1 mm wide, the anthers ca. 4 mm long, the odd stamen ca. 35 mm long; ovary stipitate for ca. 15 mm, linear, ca. 10 mm long, puberulent, the style linear subulate, ca. 15 mm long, erect. Legume with the stipe linear cuneate, ca. 3 mm long, moniliform, ca. 20 cm long and 1.5 cm wide, the beak ca. 2 cm long, falcate, farinose; seeds ca. 1.5 cm long and 0.7 cm wide, opaque, drying brown, smooth, hard, the scar to 0.7 cm long.
Pending.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 3.0
Mature height (meter) 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical tree. It prefers rich, moist, well drained soils. It suits a protected sunny position. It is damaged by drought and frost. It grows in tropical lowland swamp forest. Often it is along the edges of rivers. In Papua New Guinea it occurs between 30-135 m and 1600-2000 m altitude.
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A pioneer species, most commonly found on the outer margins of swamps on sites that are not permanently flooded. Coastal freshwater swamps.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-11

Usage

The young leaves and shoots are eaten raw in salads, or cooked in stews and other dishes. They are also used for making tea.
Uses animal food coffee substitute eating environmental use experimental purposes fodder food fuel hedge invertebrate food leaf vegetable material medicinal ornamental poison shade social use support tea wood
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use Antidotes (bark), Antifungal agents (bark), Antipyretics (bark), Antirheumatic agents (bark), Beriberi (bark), Bronchitis (bark), Cathartics (bark), Narcotics (bark), Wounds and injuries (bark), Antipyretics (leaf), Bronchitis (leaf), Cough (leaf), Earache (leaf), Sexually transmitted diseases (leaf), Syphilis (leaf), Ulcer (leaf), Urination disorders (leaf), Antifungal agents (root), Antipyretics (root), Antirheumatic agents (root), Beriberi (root), Cathartics (root), Cough (root), Narcotics (root), Beriberi (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Wound (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. They can also be grown by cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 10 - 15
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) 16 - 26
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Erythrina fusca leaf picture by dan hewison (cc-by-sa)
Erythrina fusca leaf picture by Coordination Endemia (cc-by-sa)
Erythrina fusca leaf picture by pedrogc -- (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Erythrina fusca flower picture by dan hewison (cc-by-sa)
Erythrina fusca flower picture by Makoto Makoto (cc-by-sa)
Erythrina fusca flower picture by Julian Maya (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Erythrina fusca fruit picture by luiz claudio querido (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Erythrina fusca world distribution map, present in American Samoa, Australia, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Cameroon, Colombia, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Fiji, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Cambodia, Kiribati, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Myanmar, Mozambique, Martinique, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Singapore, Solomon Islands, El Salvador, Suriname, Thailand, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Vanuatu, and South Africa

Conservation status

Erythrina fusca threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:494431-1
WFO ID wfo-0000180759
COL ID 6GRZX
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447190
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Erythrina glauca Erythrina caffra Erythrina atrosanguinea Erythrina patens Erythrina picta Corallodendron glaucum Corallodendron patens Corallodendron fuscum Duchassaingia glauca Duchassaingia ovalifolia Erythrina ovalifolia Erythrina moelebei Gelala aquatica Corallodendron ovalifolium Erythrina argentea Erythrina fusca var. inermis Erythrina fusca var. inermis Erythrina fusca