WorldFloraDB - Erythrina lysistemon

Characteristics

Tree 2·3–12 m. tall, with open branched crown; branches prickly, flowering before the leaves appear.. Stems pale brown, ridged and scarred, mostly Both J. G. Baker in Fl. Brit. India 2: 189 (1876) and Sandwith (MS. in Kew Herb.) have previously suggested the identity covered with almost straight black prickles, hairy at first but soon glabrous.. Leaflets triangular-ovate, ovate, or sometimes almost hastate, 2·1–9·5 cm. long, 1·6–8·5 cm. wide, acute to long acuminate at the apex, obtuse or broadly cuneate at the base, tomentose when young but soon becoming glabrous; petiole 3–8·5 cm. long, at first hairy, sometimes prickly; rhachis 2–5·5 cm. long; petiolules 4–7 mm. long.. Inflorescences dense, mostly densely ferruginous hairy, rarely glabrescent; rhachis 2–10 cm. long; peduncle 4–18(–24) cm. long; pedicels 2 mm. long; bracts ovate, 4 mm. long, 1·5–3·2 mm. wide, pubescent, deciduous; bracteoles minute, linear, 4 mm. long, pubescent, deciduous.. Calyx tomentose, 0·8–1·3 cm. long, not or shortly spathulate, shortly 2-lipped, the upper lip sometimes slightly bifid.. Standard very short-clawed, scarlet, rarely pink or orange-scarlet, elliptic, rather long and narrow, 3·7–6·8 cm. long, 1·5–2·9 cm. wide, obtuse or slightly emarginate; keel usually rather shorter than the wings, ± one-quarter of the length of the standard.. Pods dark blackish-brown, stipitate (stipe 3–4 cm. long), thinly woody, straight or curved, 5–15 cm. long, ± 1 cm. wide, 1–9-seeded, extremely markedly constricted between the seeds to form ellipsoidal compartments 1·2–1·5 cm. long and 0·9–1·4 cm. wide, the constrictions often emphasised because several seeds do not develop and these compartments remain narrow, at first ferruginous tomentose; valves separating down one margin only, obscurely reticulately wrinkled outside.. Seeds reddish-orange, ellipsoidal, longest dimension 7–8 mm., shorter dimensions 4·5–6 mm.; hilum dark, oblong-elliptic, 3–3·5 mm. long.

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Tree 2-12(20) m tall, bark grey or grey-brown, smooth, not corky, with prickles; branches armed with prickles. Leaves scattered or clustered at ends of twigs, unarmed, glabrous; terminal leaflet 4.5-12(13) × 3.5-10(12) cm, broadly to very broadly ovate or deltate, sometimes longer than broad, acuminate; lateral leaflets 4-11 x 2.5-7 cm, broadly ovate, asymmetric at base; petiole 3.5-8.5 cm long, glabrous when mature, with 0-2 prickles; rhachis 8.5 cm long; petiolules 3-7 mm long; stipules 2-3 mm long, ovate, caducous. Inflorescence a dense terminal pseudoraceme; flowers declined towards the rhachis; peduncle (4)6-22 cm long, ferruginous hairy becoming glabrous at maturity; rhachis 2-10 cm long; bracts 4 mm long, ovate; pedicels 2 mm long; bracteoles 3-4 mm long, linear, caducous. Calyx 1-1.4 cm long, 2-lipped, tomentose. Corolla red, glabrous; standard 2.4-5.5(6.5) × 1-2.1 cm, elliptic to obovate, not reflexed, enclosing other petals and stamens; wings 9-11 x 3-4 mm, oblong; keel 7-10 x 3-5 mm, narrowly oblong, the petals fused along their lower margin. Vexillary stamen free, others fused into a sheath along two-thirds of their length. Ovary 1-1.7 cm long, narrowly cylindrical. Pod black, 12-30 x 1.2-1.8 cm, irregularly constricted between the (1)3-8 seeds, glabrous when mature. Seeds red, 6-8 x 4-6 x 2-3 mm; hilum black, 3 mm long, elliptic.

Tree, up to 12 m high. Leaves widely ovate, base cuneate, apex acute. Stipules glandular. Flowers are normally brilliant scarlet, deflexed at anthesis, appearing before new leaves. Petals: standard scarlet, long and narrow, slightly arcuate, enclosing stamens; keel and wing relatively short; wings exceeding keel. Stamens diadelphous. Flowering time winter to early spring. Pod subligneous, sickle-shaped, smooth. Seeds scarlet or vermilion red; hilum oval, depressed, blackish.

Leaves scattered or clustered at ends of twigs, unarmed, glabrous; terminal leaflet 4.5–12(13) × 3.5–10(12) cm, broadly to very broadly ovate or deltate, sometimes longer than broad, acuminate; lateral leaflets 4–11 × 2.5–7 cm, broadly ovate, asymmetric at base; petiole 3.5–8.5 cm long, glabrous when mature, with 0–2 prickles; rhachis 8.5 cm long; petiolules 3–7 mm long; stipules 2–3 mm long, ovate, caducous.

Inflorescence a dense terminal pseudoraceme; flowers declined towards the rhachis; peduncle (4)6–22 cm long, ferruginous hairy becoming glabrous at maturity; rhachis 2–10 cm long; bracts 4 mm long, ovate; pedicels 2 mm long; bracteoles 3–4 mm long, linear, caducous.

Corolla red, glabrous; standard 2.4–5.5(6.5) × 1–2.1 cm, elliptic to obovate, not reflexed, enclosing other petals and stamens; wings 9–11 × 3–4 mm, oblong; keel 7–10 × 3–5 mm, narrowly oblong, the petals fused along their lower margin.

Tree 2–12(20) m tall, bark grey or grey-brown, smooth, not corky, with prickles; branches armed with prickles.

Pod black, 12–30 × 1.2–1.8 cm, irregularly constricted between the (1)3–8 seeds, glabrous when mature.

Vexillary stamen free, others fused into a sheath along two-thirds of their length.

Seeds red, 6–8 × 4–6 × 2–3 mm; hilum black, 3 mm long, elliptic.

Ovary 1–1.7 cm long, narrowly cylindrical.

Calyx 1–1.4 cm long, 2-lipped, tomentose.

Life form

perennial

Growth form

tree

Growth support

free-standing

Foliage retention

deciduous

Sexuality

hermaphrodite

Pollination

entomogamy

Spread

-

Mature width (meter)

-

Mature height (meter)

10.0

Root system

-

Rooting depth (meter)

-

Root diameter (meter)

-

Flower color

Blooming months

Jan	Feb	Mar
Apr	May	Jun
Jul	Aug	Sep
Oct	Nov	Dec

Fruit color

-

Fruiting months

-

Nitrogen fixer

rhizobia

Photosynthetic pathway

c3

Environment

Dry habitats with scrub and wooded grassland; deciduous woodlands; bushland; also coastal sand dunes; at elevations up to 1,950 metres.

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Dry habitats with scrub and wooded grassland; deciduous woodlands; bushland; also coastal sand dunes; at elevations up to 1,950 metres.

Light
Soil humidity
Soil texture
Soil acidity	-
Soil nutriment	-
Hardiness (USDA)

Usage

Uses	environmental use material medicinal wood
Edible	-
Therapeutic use	-
Human toxicity	-
Animal toxicity	-

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.

Mode	cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days)	10 - 15
Germination temperacture (C°)	21 - 23
Germination luminosity	-
Germination treatment	soaking
Minimum temperature (C°)	-7
Optimum temperature (C°)	-
Size	-
Vigor	-
Productivity	-