Erythropalum scandens Blume

Species

Angiosperms > Santalales > Olacaceae > Erythropalum

Characteristics

Scandent shrub or liana, glabrous, 3-10 m; stem flexible; tendrils often lignescent-thickened distally, simple, or rarely bifid. Branches slender, elongate, sparingly rebranched, the free ends dropping; bark yellowish brownish, dotted with pale lenticels. Leaves variable in shape and size, triangularly ovate to ovate-or lanceolate-oblong, apex acuminate, tip acute, base broadly attenuate-truncate, rarely sub-cordate, mostly a little peltate, membranaceous to firmly chartaceous, rarely coriaceous, deep green above, glaucescent beneath when fresh, yellowish greenish in the dry state, fetid when bruised, (5-) 6-16 (-20,-25) by 6-12 (-15) cm; basal nerves 1 or 2 pairs, widely divergent and ascendent, 3-6 upper pairs spreading, prominent beneath, reticulations usually inconspicuous; petiole slightly thickened and wrinkled on both ends, (2-) 3-5 (-10) cm. Inflorescences peduncled, lax, very slender, repeatedly di-chotomous and many-flowered cymes, up to 15 cm long, these sometimes reduced to subsessile rather few-flowered cymes or fascicles; pedicels filiform, 4-5 mm; bracts triangular-ovate, hardly 1 mm. Calyx cupular, 5-toothed, 1 (-1.5) mm. Petals 5, ovate-triangular, glabrous, 1.5-2 mm. Stamens with a tuft of hairs on either side; filaments very short; anthers ovate-cordate, c. 0.3 mm; connective thick. Disk pentagonous, rather flat, fleshy, crenulate, 1.5 mm ø, elevated in the centre to form the short conical style with 3 small stigmas. Drupe pendulous, subglobose to ellipsoid or obovoid-pyriform, stipitate-at-tenuate towards the base for 2-3 cm, crowned by the persistent calyx lobes and the remains of the disk, 1.5-2 (-2.5) by 1.5-2.5 cm; pericarp thin-fleshy, yellow to red, rarely whitish; endocarp crustaceous; finally stellately splitting from top downwards into 3-6 reflexed segments, inside red. Seed indigo blue, evil smelling.
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Lianas, 5-10 m tall, glabrous. Branchlets with ± persistent acute bud scales at base, with axillary tendrils. Petiole 3-10 cm; leaf blade ovate, oblong-ovate, or triangular-ovate, 8-20 × 4-15 cm, papery to ± leathery, base obtuse, truncate, or ± cordate, and usually peltate, apex acuminate; basal veins 3 or 5, abaxi-ally prominent, adaxially impressed. Cymes 6-18 cm, many-flowered; peduncle 4-10 cm. Pedicel filiform, 2-5 mm. Calyx cupular, 5-dentate, ca. 1 mm. Petals white, 1.5-2 mm. Stamens with tufts of hairs on either side. Disk elevated. Drupe ellipsoid to obovoid, 1.5-2.5 × 0.8-1.2 cm, crowned by persistent calyx; dehisced segments eventually recurving to display bright red inner surface. Seeds indigo blue, broadly ellipsoid. Fl. and fr. Mar-Sep.
A much branched climber. It grows 5-10 m high. The leaves are alternate and nearly triangular. They have a wavy edge. They are dark green on the upper surface and have a waxy bloom underneath. They are 9-16 cm long by 6-11.5 cm wide. The leaf stalk is swollen at the ends. It is 3-10 cm long. It has tendrils in the axils of leaves. The flower arrangements are 10 cm wide. The flowers are green with a yellow disk. The fruit is pear shaped. It is 1.5-1.8 cm long by 1 cm wide. It is yellow or red. It has a strong smell. There is one seed inside. This is oval and 1.2 cm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support -
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Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 5.0 - 10.0
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JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
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Environment

A tropical plant. It is found in streams in evergreen forests. It grows between 100-1,500 m above sea level. It is also cultivated. In Yunnan. It occurs in the Western Ghats in India.
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Scattered in the substage of lowland and submontane primary and secondary rain-forest or forest borders, in mixed Dipterocarp forest, rarely up to 2135 m.
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Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The shoots and leaves are often used in curries and as a potherb. They are bitter.
Uses material medicinal potherb
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds or cuttings.
Mode seedlings
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Images

Erythropalum scandens unspecified picture

Distribution

Erythropalum scandens world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Uruguay, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Erythropalum scandens threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:607794-1
WFO ID wfo-0000679589
COL ID 3BFHG
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Erythropalum grandifolium Erythropalum scandens Decastrophia inconspicua Modeccopsis vaga Mackaya populifolia Dactylium vagum Erythropalum populifolium Erythropalum vagum