Erythrostemon gilliesii (Hook.) Klotzsch

Césalpinie de Gillies (fr), Oiseaux de paradis (fr), Césalpinie (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Erythrostemon

Characteristics

Unarmed shrub up to 3(5) m high; young stems and inflorescences pubescent and fairly densely covered with blackish or brown stalked glands. Leaves 6-20 cm long, unarmed, glabrous, occasionally with a few glands; pinnae 7-15 on each side of the rhachis, opposite, subopposite or alternate, often with a solitary terminal pinna; rhachillae 1-4 cm long; leaflets 7-12 pairs per pinna, 2-8 mm long, 1-2.5 mm wide (in our area), oblong-elliptic, glabrous, usually with black gland-dots just inside the margins. Racemes 6-18 cm long, terminal; bracts up to 28 x 8 mm, lanceolate or oblanceolate, margins lacerate, conspicuous and concealing the young buds but deciduous before the buds open. Flowers yellow; pedicels 1.5-3.5 cm long, covered with stipitate glands. Sepals 13-21 mm long, pubescent and with numerous stipitate glands, the lower one larger and margins lacerate towards the apex. Petals 17-32 mm long. Stamens scarlet, long-exserted; filaments 5-10.5 cm long, pubescent basally, glabrous above. Ovary tomentose, glandular. Pods asymmetrically oblanceolate-oblong, straight or curved upwards, 6-10 cm long, 1.6-2.1 cm wide, light brown, compressed, pubescent and usually fairly conspicuously glandular when young but becoming glabrescent with age, unarmed, dehiscent. Seeds somewhat compressed.
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Shrub to 3 (–5) m high, straggly, not prickly. Branchlets glandular and pubescent. Leaves glabrous; stipules leafy, laciniate, 4–5 mm long, persistent; petiole and rachis 8–12 cm long (to 30 cm long, fide Richardson et al. 2016: 281); pinnae 8–15 pairs; stipellae absent; leaflets 7–10 pairs, oblong, 3–6 (–10) mm long, 1–2.5 mm wide, obtuse, with blackish spots near margin on lower side, (?)otherwise concolorous. Racemes terminal, 5–15 cm long, glandular-pubescent; pedicels to 15 mm long. Sepals 1.5–2.5 cm long, glandular-pubescent; tube prominently ribbed. Petals 3 cm long, yellow. Staminal filaments 8–9 mm long, red, hirsute near base; anthers 1.5–2 mm long. Pistil 9.5 mm long, hirsute in lower half; ovary with prominent glands and also hirsute; stigma peltate. Pod oblong, flat, the tip upturned, 6–10 cm long, 1.5–2 cm wide, dehiscent, pale gold, with scattered, short, glandular hairs. Seeds 3-5, obovate, flat, 10 mm long, shining brown.
Unarmed shrub, up to 5 m high; young stems and inflorescences densely covered with blackish stalked glands. Leaves glabrous, up to 200 mm long, occasionally with a few glands. Pinnae 7-15 pairs, opposite, subopposite or alternate, often with a solitary, terminal pinna. Leaflets 7-12 pairs per pinna, oblong-elliptic, usually with black gland dots just inside margins. Inflorescences 60-180 mm long, terminal racemes. Flowers yellow. Calyx: sepals 13-21 mm long, pubescent and with many stipitate glands. Petals 17-32 mm long. Stamens scarlet. Flowering time Oct.-May. Pod asymmetrically oblanceolate-oblong.
Woody shrub, up to 5 m high; stalked glands covering young stems and inflorescences; unarmed. Leaves bipinnate; blade 60-200 mm long, pinna pairs 7-15 opposite, subopposite or alternate, 7-12 leaflet pairs per pinna, leaflet blade elliptic-oblong, 2-8 x 1.0-2.5 mm. Flowers: in terminal racemes; stamens 50-105 mm long, scarlet; petals 17-32 mm long, yellow; Oct.-Dec. Pods light brown, compressed, pubescent, glandular when young, becoming glabrescent with age, dehiscent.
Leaves: petiole and rachis together 8–20 cm, glabrous, occasionally with a few glands; pinnae 7–15 on each side of the rachis, opposite, subopposite or alternate, and often with a solitary terminal pinna; pinna rachis 1–4 cm; leaflets 7–10(12) per pinna, 2–8(11) × 1–2.5(3.5) mm, oblong-elliptic, glabrous, usually with black gland dots just inside the margins.
Pods 6–10 × 1.7–2.1 cm, ± obliquely oblong, straight or somewhat curved upwards, compressed, light brown, pubescent and usually conspicuously spotted with dark glands when young but glabrescent and smooth later, dehiscing down both margins; seeds 5–8, c.9 × 7 × 2.5 mm, ± broadly obovate, compressed, brown flecked with purplish-black.
Racemes 6–16(24) cm long, all terminal; bracts up to 28 × 8 mm, lanceolate to oblanceolate, ± pectinate, conspicuous and concealing the young buds but falling before anthesis; pedicels 1.5–3.5 cm, with stipitate glands.
Lateral sepals 13–21 mm long; all sepals pubescent and usually with numerous stipitate glands, the lower one usually pectinate or erose at the apex.
Young stems and inflorescences pubescent and fairly densely covered with stipitate, peltate, usually blackish or brown glands, without prickles.
Ovary tomentose and with shortly stipitate glands; style somewhat exceeding the stamens.
Stamens 5–10.5 cm long, much exceeding the petals, the filaments bright red.
Shrub or small tree 1–3(5) m high.
Petals (17)23–32 mm long, yellow.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.5 - 2.5
Mature height (meter) 5.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.3
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer present
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Grows in sand on river and creek banks and in loam near settlements; also roadsides and wasteland.
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Escaped from cultivation where it grows wild in pastures and dry habitats in Texas.
Escaped from cultivation where it grows wild in pastures and dry habitats in Texas.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 2-4
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

A popular garden plant.
Uses environmental use food dye medicinal ornamental poison
Edible flowers
Therapeutic use Poison (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Erythrostemon gilliesii world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Angola, Argentina, American Samoa, Australia, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Chile, Ethiopia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Kenya, Libya, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Peru, Puerto Rico, Turkmenistan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Ukraine, United States of America, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:494656-1
WFO ID wfo-0001056564
COL ID 77SNC
BDTFX ID 25642
INPN ID 97331
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Caesalpinia macrantha Poinciana gilliesii Caesalpinia gilliesii Prosopis gillesii Erythrostemon gilliesii