Eschscholzia californica Cham.

California-poppy (en), Pavot de californie (fr), Pavot de Californie (fr), Eschscholzie de Californie (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ranunculales > Papaveraceae > Eschscholzia

Characteristics

Herbs, annual or short-lived perennial, glaucous, glabrous. Stems erect to spreading, 30-60 cm, obviously longitudinally costate, with many branches spreading, dichotomous. Basal leaves several, 10-30 cm, petiolate; blade tripinnatipartite; lobes various, acutely linear, acutely oblong, or obtusely spatulate-oblong, with 3 terminal lobes, middle mostly broad and short. Cauline leaves similar to basal leaves, but progressively smaller and shortly petiolate. Flowers solitary, terminal. Pedicel 5-15 cm. Receptacles concave, funnelform or nearly tubular, 3-4 mm in diam., cupular after flowering, margin undulately re-flexed. Calyx ovoid, ca. 1 cm, apically shortly conical, caplike. Petals 4, yellow, sometimes with orange flecks at base, deltoid-flabellate, 2.5-3 cm. Stamens many, more than 40; filaments filiform, basally inflated, ca. 3 mm; anthers orange, linear, 5-6 mm. Ovary long, narrow; styles short; stigmas 4, subulate-linear, unequally long. Capsule narrowly terete, 5-8 cm. Seeds spherical, 1-1.5 mm in diam., obviously tessellate. Fl. Apr-Aug, fr. Jun-Sep. 2n = 12.
More
Annual or perennial herb. Habit various, from a tufted rosette to an erect many-stemmed herb with the rosette stage almost completely suppressed. Stems ribbed, erect, glabrous, 10-30-(40) cm tall. Lvs much dissected; petiole > lamina; lamina to 10 × 10 cm in rosette lvs, usually much smaller in stem lvs. Pedicels ribbed, 5-10 cm long. Calyx hood apiculate. Petals obovate, yellow to orange, or yellow with orange base, rarely white, cream or red, (1)-2-3.5 cm long. Anthers > filaments. Capsule ribbed, straight or slightly curved, 25-90 × 3-4 mm.
Plants , perennial or annual, caulescent, erect or spreading, 5-60 cm, glabrous, sometimes glaucous; taproot heavy in perennial forms. Leaves basal and cauline; blade with ultimate lobes obtuse or acute. Inflorescences cymose or 1-flowered; buds erect. Flowers: receptacle obconic, cup with spreading free rim; calyx acute to acuminate, glabrous, sometimes glaucous; petals yellow to orange, usually with orange spot at base, 20-60 mm. Capsules 3-9 cm. Seeds brown to black, spheric to ellipsoid, 1.5-1.8 mm, reticulate.
Plants to 0.6 m high, glabrous, sometimes glaucous. Stems branching. Leaves to 8 cm long. Peduncle to 15 cm long. Petals flabelliform, to 6 cm long, light yellow to deep orange, often darker spotted at base. Stamens: filaments yellowish; anthers yellow. Capsule straight to slightly curved, to 10 cm long, glabrous. Seeds brown to black.
An annual plant. It grows 20-30 cm high and 15-20 cm wide. The leaves are feather like and blue-green. The stems are thin. The flower buds are pointed. The open flowers are cup-shaped and 8 cm across. The petals are silky looking. They are usually orange but can be purple, crimson or white. There are named varieties.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 0.13 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.5
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.3
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is frost hardy. It does best in full sun. It can grow in sandy soils. The soils need to be well drained. It can grow with moderate moisture or in fairly dry places. It does not do well in humid regions. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 6-10.
More
Occurs in open, disturbed areas along roadsides, railways, stock routes, paths and streams, on flats, floodplains, sandbars, banks, slopes and dumps, in yards, streambeds, gorges and woodland clearings; often in sandy alluvium; to 1000+ m alt.
Grassy open places to 2000 metres in California.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 2-5
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

CAUTION: Because it contains alkaloids, it should be eaten with caution. The boiled and roasted leaves are eaten. They are bitter. They are left lying in water to remove bitterness.
Uses breeding environmental use erosion control food insecticide medicinal non-vertebrate poison ornamental pharmaceutical poison
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use Pediatric Aid (flower), Sedative (flower), Toothache (leaf), Antinematodal agents (leaf), Gynecological Aid (pod), Analgesic (root), Dermatological Aid (root), Emetic (root), Gastrointestinal Aid (root), Gynecological Aid (root), Narcotic (root), Toothache (root), Tuberculosis Remedy (root), Gynecological Aid (seed), Poison (unspecified), Analgesic (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Soporific (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Antidiuretic agents (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (unspecified), Analgesics (whole plant), Colic (whole plant), Headache (whole plant), Hypnotics and sedatives (whole plant), Primary dysautonomias (whole plant), Sleep aids, pharmaceutical (whole plant), Toothache (whole plant), Ulcer (whole plant), Wounds and injuries (whole plant)
Human toxicity toxic (aerial)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. It is difficult to transplant. Therefore seed are sown directly in the field.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 10 - 20
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -10
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Eschscholzia californica habit picture by Tristan Jaton-Maria (cc-by-sa)
Eschscholzia californica habit picture by Alain Bigou (cc-by-sa)
Eschscholzia californica habit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Eschscholzia californica leaf picture by timeo nagi (cc-by-sa)
Eschscholzia californica leaf picture by bri arno (cc-by-sa)
Eschscholzia californica leaf picture by Jerome garnier (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Eschscholzia californica flower picture by Jean-Louis ESPURT (cc-by-sa)
Eschscholzia californica flower picture by François SCHALL (cc-by-sa)
Eschscholzia californica flower picture by Laurence Chabalier (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Eschscholzia californica fruit picture by Reynold Chollet (cc-by-sa)
Eschscholzia californica fruit picture by Carine Dendauw (cc-by-sa)
Eschscholzia californica fruit picture by Patrick Nard (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Eschscholzia californica world distribution map, present in Australia, Canada, China, France, New Zealand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:672740-1
WFO ID wfo-0000680430
COL ID 3BH52
BDTFX ID 25658
INPN ID 97346
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Chelidonium multifidum Chryseis caespitosa Chryseis compacta Chryseis crocea Eschscholzia apiculata Eschscholzia benedicta Eschscholzia bernardina Eschscholzia californica Eschscholzia clevelandi Eschscholzia cucullata Eschscholzia diversiloba Eschscholzia floribunda Eschscholzia foeniculacea Eschscholzia gigas Eschscholzia glauca Eschscholzia granulata Eschscholzia helleriana Eschscholzia inflata Eschscholzia isostigma Eschscholzia peninsularis Eschscholzia pseudoinflata Eschscholzia recta Eschscholzia revoluta Eschscholzia rigida Eschscholzia robusta Eschscholzia sanctarum Eschscholzia scariosa Eschscholzia setchellii Eschscholzia shastensis Eschscholzia straminea Eschscholzia stricta Eschscholzia tenuisecta Chryseis hypecoides Chryseis tenuifolia Eschscholzia tristis Eschscholzia vernalis Eschscholzia absinthiifolia Eschscholzia ambigua Eschscholzia angularis Eschscholzia biolettii Eschscholzia brandegeei Eschscholzia calosperma Eschscholzia chartacea Eschscholzia cognata Eschscholzia columbiana Eschscholzia compacta Eschscholzia confinis Eschscholzia crocea Eschscholzia cyathifera Eschscholzia eastwoodiae Eschscholzia juncea Eschscholzia lacera Eschscholzia leptandra Eschscholzia leptomitra Eschscholzia leucosticta Eschscholzia macrantha Eschscholzia marcida Eschscholzia maritima Eschscholzia menziesiana Eschscholzia microloba Eschscholzia nitrophila Eschscholzia oregana Eschscholzia physodes Eschscholzia picta Eschscholzia thermophila Eschscholzia xylorrhiza Eschscholzia yainacensis Eschscholzia douglasii Chryseis californica Omonoia californica Chryseis douglasii Eschscholzia debilis Eschscholzia douglasii Eschscholzia douglasii Eschscholzia bernardina var. coarctata Eschscholzia californica var. ambigua Eschscholzia californica var. compacta Eschscholzia californica var. crocea Eschscholzia californica var. douglasii Eschscholzia californica var. luxurians Eschscholzia californica var. maritima Eschscholzia californica var. peninsularis Eschscholzia californica var. stricta Eschscholzia crocea var. apiifolia Eschscholzia crocea var. longissima Eschscholzia crocea var. sanctarum Eschscholzia floribunda var. gorgonica Eschscholzia floribunda var. gracillima Eschscholzia granulata var. minuscula Eschscholzia helleriana var. tilingii Eschscholzia marcida var. monticola Eschscholzia menziesiana var. anemophila Eschscholzia menziesiana var. coarctata Eschscholzia menziesiana var. nesiaca Eschscholzia menziesiana var. recedens Eschscholzia californica var. californica Eschscholzia revoluta var. caudatocalyx Eschscholzia scariosa var. dichasiophora Eschscholzia yainacensis var. modocensis Eschscholzia crocea var. rosea

Lower taxons

Eschscholzia californica subsp. mexicana