Eucalyptus sideroxylon A.Cunn. ex Woolls

Red ironbark (en), Eucalyptus bois-d'acier au sens large (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Myrtaceae > Eucalyptus l'hér.

Characteristics

Tree to 35 m. Bark hard, black, deeply furrowed throughout or on trunk and larger branches, smooth, white on upper branches. Juvenile leaves alternate, petiolate, linear to lanceolate or ovate, green or grey-green, slightly discolorous. Adult leaves lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, acuminate or uncinate; lamina green, grey-green or blue-green; lateral veins just visible, at 25°–40°; intramarginal vein up to 2 mm from margin; petiole terete, 10–20 mm long. Peduncle quadrangular to terete; pedicels quadrangular. Buds ovoid, rostrate; operculum conical or rostrate; hypanthium ovoid to hemispherical. Fruits hemispherical, ovoid, subglobular or urceolate; valves 5 or 6, included.
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Tree to 35 m. Bark hard, black, deeply furrowed throughout or on trunk and larger branches, smooth, white on upper branches. Juvenile leaves alternate, petiolate, linear to lanceolate or ovate, green or grey-green, slightly discolorous. Adult leaves lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, acuminate or uncinate; lamina green, grey-green or blue-green; lateral veins just visible, at 25°-40°; intramarginal vein up to 2 mm from margin; petiole terete. 10-20 mm long. Peduncle quadrangular to terete; pedicels quadrangular. Buds ovoid, rostrate; operculum conical or rostrate; hypanthium ovoid to hemispherical. Fruits hemispherical, ovoid, subglobular or urceolate; valves 5 or 6, included.
Tree to 35 m with black [jet black or very dark red-black] hard deeply furrowed bark throughout or on trunk and larger branches and white smooth bark on upper branches.. Juvenile leaves linear to lanceolate (or ovate); adult grey, lanceolate, 7–14 cm long, 1.2–1.8 cm wide; petiole terete, 1–2 cm long.. Umbels [3]7-flowered; peduncle quadrangular to terete, [0.5]0.7–2 cm long, pedicels 0.2–1.5[2] cm long.. Operculum 3–5 mm long, 4–5 mm wide.. Calyx-tube 4–6 mm long, 4–5 mm wide.. Fruits ovoid, subglobular or urceolate, 5–11 mm long, 6–10 mm wide with narrow descending disc obscured by broad, caducous staminal ring, and 5 included valves.. Fig. 10/39, p. 49.
Evergreen tree, 15-26 m high, with a moderately spreading crown. Bark persistent, entirely covering main trunk, dark grey to black, hard, corky, non-fibrous, deeply furrowed. Leaves opposite; drooping; blade narrowly ovate to broadly ovate, 60-110 mm long, apex acute, margins entire, greyish green, usually falcate. Flowers: in simple umbels; buds pendulous with conical or beaked lids, up to 12 mm long; stamens exserted; perianth cream-coloured, pink or deep rose-red; May-Oct. Fruit a round to oval capsule, valves deeply included, 8-10 mm long; often covered by a sub-persistent staminal ring.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.5
Mature height (meter) 30.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 13.95
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Poor shallow soils in undulating woodland. Usually found on poor shallow soils, including sands, gravels, ironstones and clays; frequent in gold-bearing country; at elevations up to 600 metres.
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Poor shallow soils in undulating woodland. Usually found on poor shallow soils, including sands, gravels, ironstones and clays; frequent in gold-bearing country; at elevations up to 600 metres.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 1-8
Soil texture 2-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-10

Usage

Uses charcoal dye environmental use essential oil fiber fuel gum invertebrate food material medicinal timber wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) 25 - 34
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Eucalyptus sideroxylon leaf picture by Daniel Grixti-Cheng (cc-by-sa)
Eucalyptus sideroxylon leaf picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Eucalyptus sideroxylon leaf picture by Sarah Lentz (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Eucalyptus sideroxylon flower picture by Molly Ireland (cc-by-sa)
Eucalyptus sideroxylon flower picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Eucalyptus sideroxylon flower picture by Nick Hodgers (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Eucalyptus sideroxylon world distribution map, present in Australia, Brazil, Pakistan, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Eucalyptus sideroxylon threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:593359-1
WFO ID wfo-0000955894
COL ID 3BQHG
BDTFX ID 101363
INPN ID 453244
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Eucalyptus leucoxylon var. minor Eucalyptus sideroxylon var. minor Eucalyptus sideroxylon var. rosea Eucalyptus sideroxylon

Lower taxons

Eucalyptus sideroxylon subsp. sideroxylon Eucalyptus sideroxylon subsp. improcera