Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.

Du zhong (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Garryales > Eucommiaceae > Eucommia

Characteristics

Trees to 20 m tall. Trunk to 50 cm d.b.h.; bark gray-brown, scabrous. Young branches yellow-brown pubescent at first, soon glabrate, old ones conspicuously lenticellate. Buds shiny red-brown; scales 6–8, margin puberulous. Petiole 1–2.5 cm, sparsely villous; leaf blade pale green adaxially when old, 5–15 × 2.5–7 cm, brown pubescent at first, later pubescent only along veins, lateral veins 6–9-paired, together with reticulate veins slightly prominent abaxially, concave adaxially. Male flowers: stamens ca. 1 cm, glabrous, filaments ca. 1 mm. Female flower: ovary ca. 1 cm, glabrous. Samara 2.5–3.5 × 1–1.3 cm; stipe 2–5 mm, articulate at 1–3 mm pedicel. Seed 1.3–1.5 cm × ca. 3 mm. Fl. Mar–May, fr. Jun–Nov.
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A deciduous tree. It grows 20 m high. It is a broadly spreading tree. The bark is pale grey and deeply cracked. The leaves are oval and 20 cm long by 9 cm wide. They are leathery and taper to the tip. There are teeth around the edge. The leaves are glossy and dark green and droop on thin shoots. The side veins are prominent. The male and female flowers are on separate plants. The flowers are very small and without petals. They grow on old shoots. The fruit are green and winged. They occur in clusters and are 4 cm long. Each key contains a seed. The leaves have a rubbery latex.
Trees to 20 m; bark gray-brown, ridged and furrowed; branchlets brown, hairy when young, becoming glabrate, pith septate. Leaves: petioles 1–2.5 cm; blades elliptical to ovate, 5–20 × 2.5–8 cm, base usually truncate to broadly cordate or cuneate, sometimes oblique, apex acuminate, surfaces hairy when young, soon glabrate; latex strands visible in carefully torn leaf. Staminate flowers: anthers 10–12 mm. Pistillate flowers: pistil 10–12 mm. Samaras brown, 25–32 mm, apex emarginate. Seeds 12–15 × 3 mm. 2n = 34.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 4.0 - 8.0
Mature height (meter) 13.5 - 16.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is hardy. It grows in the mountain forests of China. It grows between 100-2,000 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 5-10. It is frost resistant but cannot tolerate drought. Arboretum Tasmania.
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Mixed forests, sparse forests, thickets, lower mountains, ridges, valleys, dry ravines, fields, also widely cultivated and locally becoming naturalized; at elevations from 100-2,000 metres.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-8

Usage

The bark is used to flavour pork and chicken. It is also added to wines. The inner bark is fermented before drying or roasting.
Uses afforestation aphrodisiacum drug environmental use experimental purposes fuel material medicinal tonic wood
Edible barks leaves
Therapeutic use Analgesic (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Hypertension (unspecified), Impotency (unspecified), Kidney (unspecified), Lumbago (unspecified), Notalgia (unspecified), Perspiration (unspecified), Polyuria (unspecified), Pregnancy (unspecified), Preventitive(Pile) (unspecified), Puerperium (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Sore(Neck) (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Liver (unspecified), Arthritis (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed. They can also be grown from cuttings of young wood under glass.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) 3
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Eucommia ulmoides leaf picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Eucommia ulmoides leaf picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Eucommia ulmoides fruit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Eucommia ulmoides fruit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Eucommia ulmoides world distribution map, present in Bulgaria, China, and Korea (Democratic People's Republic of)

Conservation status

Eucommia ulmoides threat status: Vulnerable

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:554475-1
WFO ID wfo-0000681176
COL ID 6H5K5
BDTFX ID 123980
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Eucommia ulmoides