Eugenia uniflora L.

Surinam cherry (en), cerisier de Cayenne (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Myrtaceae > Eugenia

Characteristics

Shrubs or small trees 3-10 m. high. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, obtuse to rounded or subcordate at the base, 2.5-6.0 cm. long and 1.5-3.5 cm. broad, chartaceous, glabrous, lateral nerves prominulous on both sides, arcuate-anastomosing at about 3 mm. within the margin, the veins laxly reticulate; petiole about 2 mm. long. Flowers solitary in the axils of bracts at the base of young shoots or sometimes in fascicles of 4-8; bracts scarious, up to 5 mm. long. Pedicels slender, glabrous, 1.5-2.0 cm. long. Sepals oblong, ciliate, up to 4 mm. long, glabrous. Petals obovate, unguiculate, 8-12 mm. long. Ovary glabrous, 8-ribbed, 2-celled; cells several (10-14-) ovulate; placenta peltate, thickened in the middle. Berry depressed-globose, 8-ribbed, 1-seeded, 2.5-3.0 cm. in diameter, red, edible. Cotyledons partly free.
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Shrubs or trees, to 5 m tall, generally glabrous. Petiole ca. 1.5 mm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 3.2-4.2 × 2.3-3 cm, papery, both surfaces dark green, glabrous, and with numerous pellucid glands, secondary veins ca. 5 on each side of midvein, slightly conspicuous, and at an angle of ca. 45° from midvein, intramarginal veins ca. 2 mm from margin, base rounded, slightly cordate, or cuneate, apex acuminate, mucronate, or obtuse. Flowers white, slightly fragrant. Calyx lobes 4, long elliptic, reflexed. Petals white. Berries dark red when ripe, globose, 1-2 cm in diam., 8-ridged, 1-or 2-seeded. Fl. spring.
Much-branched shrub or smalltree 3–10 m tall, leaves ovate, 2–6.3 cm long, 1.3–3.3 cm wide, obtuse or obtusely acuminate at the apex, rounded at the base, glabrous; petiole 2 mm long; flowers solitary or ± 4 in fascicles; pedicels slender, 1.5–2.5 cm long, glabrous, with oblong brown gland-dotted bracts 7 mm long at base.. Calyx-lobes 4 mm long, 1.5–2.5 mm wide, reflexed.. Petals white.. Stamens 50–60.. Fruit green turning orange, bright red, deep scarlet or dark purplish maroon (almost black), oblate, 1.4–2.5 cm diameter, 7–8-ribbed, juicy and edible with either 1 large or 2–3 smaller seeds.
A small tree up to 5-7.5 m high. It is often a much smaller shrub. Branches often develop close to the ground. The branches are thin and wiry. It has attractive oval and pointed leaves. They are dark green and shiny. The leaves are 2.5-6 cm long by 1.5-3 cm wide. New leaves are dark purple or red. The flowers are small and white and the fruit is lobed and red. There is a single large seed inside. The fruit is about 3 cm across. The tree is used as a hedge plant. The flesh of the fruit is edible. There are several named cultivated varieties.
Leaf-lamina up to 6 x 3 cm., ovate or ovate-elliptic, apex bluntly subacuminate, base rounded; lower surface glabrous; lateral nerves in 7–9 pairs, indistinct; petiole 0·2 cm. long.
Flowers 1·5–2·5 cm. long, white, solitary or few together, axillary; pedicels very slender.
Petals c. 0·6 x 0·3 cm., obovate-elliptic, strongly reflexed.
Sepals 4, 0·45 x 0·3 cm., ovate-deltate, strongly reflexed.
Berry 1·5–2·5 cm. in diameter, depressed-globose, crimson.
Shrub or small tree up to 7 m. tall.
Fruit ridged, with smooth red skin.
Style 0·6 cm. long, punctiform.
A shrub or small tree
Stamens 0·5 cm. long.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 4.0 - 6.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in the lowlands. It is native to South America. It grows in the tropical lowlands from sea level up to about 800 m or higher in Papua New Guinea. In south India it grows to 1700 m altitude. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 1,500 m above sea level. It is suited to a warm moist climate. Adequate moisture is needed during fruit development. It can be grown in the subtropics. It can stand some frost. Mature trees can withstand frosts down to-3°C. It does best with a pH of 5-7. It grows in Miombo woodland in Africa. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. In XTBG Yunnan. In Sichuan.
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Light sandy stream banks. Limestone thickets in lowland areas. Semi-deciduous forests and also on coastal levees.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The ripe fruit is eaten fresh. It can be cooked or used for jams and other products. The leaves are used as a substitute for tea.
Uses dye environmental use essential oil food gene source invertebrate food material medicinal oil ornamental poison tea wood
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Antihypertensive agents (leaf), Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Diuretics (leaf), Fever (leaf), Hypercholesterolemia (leaf), Weight loss (leaf), Repellant(Insect) (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Digestive system diseases (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Trees are mostly grown from seeds but can be grown from cuttings. Seeds should be fresh. Seeds grow in 3-5 weeks. Seed which are extracted from the fruit then washed and dried can be stored for a month. Seed can be sun dried for 7 days then stored in cool open containers for a few months. Seed can be planted 1-2 cm deep in nursery beds than transplanted when 20-30 cm tall. Trees can be trimmed and pruned to form hedges. Ground layering and suckers could probably be used to produce new plants. Tips from trees with better fruit types can be grafted onto seedling root stocks. It can be trained as a hedge.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) 1
Optimum temperature (C°) 21 - 27
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Eugenia uniflora habit picture by Galotto Cinquini Luigi (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Eugenia uniflora leaf picture by Carvalho Rubia (cc-by-sa)
Eugenia uniflora leaf picture by Mateus Guastini (cc-by-sa)
Eugenia uniflora leaf picture by Mariogol289 Golemba (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Eugenia uniflora flower picture by Ellen Ellen (cc-by-sa)
Eugenia uniflora flower picture by Neves Vinícius (cc-by-sa)
Eugenia uniflora flower picture by Ellen Ellen (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Eugenia uniflora fruit picture by Medeiros Marcia (cc-by-sa)
Eugenia uniflora fruit picture by Luz Gabriel (cc-by-sa)
Eugenia uniflora fruit picture by wretana (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Eugenia uniflora world distribution map, present in Argentina, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Central African Republic, China, Cook Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Guinea, Guadeloupe, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Guam, Honduras, Haiti, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Myanmar, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Niue, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Réunion, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, Seychelles, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Uruguay, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, South Africa, and Zambia

Conservation status

Eugenia uniflora threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:596263-1
WFO ID wfo-0000959411
COL ID 3C6MH
BDTFX ID 120656
INPN ID 447398
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Luma strigosa Myrtus willdenowii Plinia pedunculata Plinia petiolata Plinia rubra Plinia tetrapetala Stenocalyx dasyblastus Stenocalyx glaber Stenocalyx michelii Stenocalyx oblongifolius Stenocalyx rhampiri Stenocalyx ruber Stenocalyx strigosus Syzygium michelii Luma costata Luma dasyblasta Myrtus brasiliana Stenocalyx uniflorus Eugenia michelii Eugenia strigosa Eugenia arechavaletae Eugenia dasyblasta Eugenia decidua Eugenia costata Eugenia myrtifolia Eugenia oblongifolia Eugenia oblongifolia Eugenia willdenowii Eugenia zeylanica Eugenia lacustris Eugenia microphylla Stenocalyx nhamperi Myrtus brasiliana var. diversifolia Myrtus brasiliana var. lanceolata Myrtus brasiliana var. lucida Stenocalyx michelii var. membranacea Stenocalyx michelii var. rigida Myrtus willdenowii var. portoriccensis Eugenia uniflora var. atropurpurea Stenocalyx affinis Stenocalyx brunneus Stenocalyx costatus Luma arechavaletae Stenocalyx impunctatus Stenocalyx lucidus Myrtus brasiliana var. normalis Eugenia uniflora

Lower taxons

Eugenia uniflora 'Lolita' Eugenia uniflora 'Nacha'