Eulophia bicallosa (D.Don) P.F.Hunt & Summerh.

Green corduroy orchid (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Orchidaceae > Eulophia

Characteristics

Plants autotrophic, 50-75 cm tall. Pseudobulb subterranean, usually whitish, subglobose to cylindric, 5-10 cm, covered with a few sheaths. Leaf solitary, emerging after anthesis, linear, ca. 50 × 1.2 cm, gradually tapering at base into a petiole-like stalk, apex acute or acuminate; petiole-like stalk to ca. 35 cm. Inflorescence racemose, 50-75 cm, slender, with 3-5 scattered tubular sheaths; rachis to 10 cm, subdensely few to many flowered; floral bracts lanceolate, 8-14 mm, shorter than ovary, apex acuminate. Flowers medium-sized, ca. 25 mm in diam. Sepals pale green, with 5 purple veins. Petals pale green, tinged purplish red at apex, and lip pale purplish red, with dark purple venation; pedicel and ovary 10-15 mm. Dorsal sepal lanceolate, ca. 13 × 3 mm, apex acute; lateral sepals lanceolate, ca. 13 × 3-5 mm, adnate at base to column foot, apex acute. Petals lanceolate to narrowly elliptic, ca. 13 × 7-8 mm, base contracted, apex acute; lip subovate, ca. 15 mm, spurred at base, 3-lobed; lateral lobes erect, triangular, oblique; mid-lobe recurved, broadly ovate, clawed at base, apex retuse; disk with 3 purplish red ridges; spur saccate, ca. 4 mm, apex obtuse. Column ca. 6 mm, slender, with a distinct column foot ca. 3 mm. Fl. Jun.
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Plants with tough, fibrous, irregularly swollen rhizomes. Leaf solitary, held erect on slender stem 50–150 mm long, blade 200–500 × 10–15 mm, dark green, pleated, ribbed. Flower stem 250–500 mm tall, 10–25-flowered. Flowers widely opening, 25–30 × 25–30 mm, sepals and petals pale green or brownish, labellum pale with pink to purple markings. Dorsal sepal 12–16 × 3 mm, obliquely erect. Lateral sepals 12–16 × 3 mm, widely divergent. Petals 9–13 × 6 mm, blunt, obliquely erect, overlapped at base by sepals. Labellum 3-lobed, porrect to shallowly decurved, 14–17 × 6–8 mm, pale green with pink to purple veins, ridges and bumps; lateral lobes erect, entire; midlobe broad, decurved, margins irregularly wavy or ruffled; basal pouch short, shallow.
Plants with tough, fibrous, irregularly swollen rhizomes. Leaf solitary, held erect on slender stem 50–150 mm long, blade 200–400 × 15–25 mm, dark green, pleated, ribbed. Flower stem 250–400 mm tall, 10–20-flowered. Flowers widely opening, 20–25 × 20–25 mm, pale green or cream with lilac or purple tips. Dorsal sepal 12–16 × 2 mm, obliquely erect. Lateral sepals 12–16 × 2 mm, widely divergent. Petals 9–13 × 4 mm, blunt, spreading to obliquely erect, overlapped at base by sepals. Labellum 3-lobed, porrect to shallowly decurved, 14–17 × 5–6 mm, pale green and cream with a few pink to purple veins appearing as shallow ridges; lateral lobes erect, entire; midlobe relatively narrow, decurved, margins finely crinkled; basal pouch short, shallow.
Leaf solitary, on slender stalk 150–250 mm long, 200–400 × 20–25 mm, dark green, pleated. Flower stem 400–800 mm tall, 6–20-flowered. Flowers 15–20 × 18–25 mm, pale green or yellowish with purple stripes and markings. Dorsal sepal narrowly tapered, 12–15 × 4–4.5 mm, obliquely erect. Lateral sepals 11–15 × 4.5–5 mm, horizontal, widely divergent, tips often twisted. Petals 9–12 × 6 mm, incurved or spreading. Labellum 3-lobed, 11–15 × 10–11 mm, greenish with prominent deep red or purple veins; lateral lobes erect; midlobe decurved, wavy, shallowly notched.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.33 - 0.63
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Highly localised and rarely seen; found growing among shrubs, tussocks and swards of tall grass in open woodland, grassy forest, mixed Eucalyptus/Livistona forest and on rainforest margins in clay soil.
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Highly localised and rarely seen; growing in swamps, wet flats and seepage areas in open forest, mostly in seasonally wet sites.
Highly localised and rarely seen; growing in grassy forest, swamps and grassy woodland, mostly in seasonally wet sites.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Eulophia bicallosa world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, and Taiwan, Province of China

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:634449-1
WFO ID wfo-0000959699
COL ID 3CBWR
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Limodorum bicallosum Liparis bicallosa Cyrtopera bicarinata Cyrtopera candida Epipactis bicarinata Eulophia bicallosa Eulophia bicarinata Eulophia candida Eulophia merrillii Eulophia versteegii Graphorkis bicarinata Graphorkis candida Eulophia neopommeranica Cyrtopera papuana Eulophia vanoverberghii Eulophia fitzalanii Eulophia papuana Graphorkis fitzalanii Graphorkis bicallosa Graphorchis bicarinata Bletia bicallosa Graphorchis candida Graphorchis fitzalani Eulophia bicallosa var. major Eulophia bicarinata var. major Eulophia venosa var. papuana Cyrtopodium parkinsonii