Eulophia graminea Lindl.

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Orchidaceae > Eulophia

Characteristics

Plants autotrophic, 40-80 cm tall. Pseudobulb borne above ground, erect, ovoid, conic, oblong, or subglobose, 3-7 × 2-4 cm, several noded, sometimes present in large numbers and forming clusters to 20-30 cm in diam. Leaves 3-5, present at or emerging after anthesis, linear to linear-lanceolate, 13-35 × 0.7-1 cm, apex acuminate; petiole-like stalk enclosed in several basal sheaths and forming a pseudostem. Inflorescence racemose or occasionally 1-or 2-branched and paniculate, 40-75 cm, slender, with several scattered sheaths 1.5-3.5 cm; rachis 12-40 cm, laxly 4-to more than 10-flowered; floral bracts linear-lanceolate, 4-8 × ca. 2 mm, shorter than ovary, apex acuminate. Flowers medium-sized, to ca. 30 mm in diam.; sepals and petals olive-green with dark green venation, lip white with purplish red lamellae; pedicel and ovary 15-20 mm. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, 11-15 × 1.5-3 mm, apex acuminate; lateral sepals similar to dorsal sepal, usually slightly longer and slightly oblique. Petals reflexed above middle, narrowly ovate, 9-10 × 2.5-3 mm, apex shortly acuminate; lip subobovate-oblong, 9-10 × 4-5 mm, spurred at base, 3-lobed at or below middle; lateral lobes small; mid-lobe orbicular, 4-5 × 4-5 mm, apex with an acute mucro; disk with (3 or)5 longitudinal lamellae, extending from base of lip almost to apex of mid-lobe, divided into fimbriate fringes on mid-lobe, white tinged purplish red; spur usually curving forward, cylindric or slightly clavate, 3-3.5 mm, apex acute to obtuse. Column 4-5 mm, without a column foot. Capsule pendulous, ellipsoid, 25-30 × ca. 10 mm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May-Jun. 2n = 42, 48, 56.
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Pseudobulbs subterranean, ovoid to globose, 50–150 mm across. Leaves 4–5, narrowly lanceolate, 100–200 × 8–15 mm, leathery, dark green. Flower stem branched, 500–800 mm long, 8–35-flowered. Flowers widely opening, 18–22 × 25–30 mm, pale green with purple veins and a white labellum with purple veins. Perianth segments widely spreading, overlapping at base. Dorsal sepal narrowly oblanceolate, 10–15 × 2–3 mm, erect. Lateral sepals narrowly oblanceolate, 10–15 × 2–2.5 mm, widely divergent, their bases attached to extended base of column. Petals lanceolate, 8–10 × 2.5–3.5 mm, obliquely erect. Labellum 10–12 × 7–9 mm, 3-lobed; lateral lobes erect, blunt; midlobe nearly round, with 2 ridges with irregular, linear calli. 
An orchid. It grows 40-80 cm tall. The false bulb is above ground. It is 3-7 cm long by 2-4 cm wide. The shoot has many narrow leaves. There are 3-5 leaves. They are 13-35 cm long by 1 cm wide.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support epiphyte free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
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Mature height (meter) 0.4 - 0.8
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JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
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JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
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Environment

This weedy species has escaped from cultivation and is naturalised in garden beds, nature strips and median strips in Darwin forming colonies of large plants in more than 50 sites around the town. It was also found growing in garden mulch in Townsville in 2016.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows on grassy places in open forests and along sandy beaches between 900-2,100 m above sea level.
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Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The tubers are used to make a high calorie soup like drink.
Uses medicinal
Edible tubers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
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Images

Flower

Eulophia graminea flower picture by gayle (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Eulophia graminea world distribution map, present in Andorra, Australia, Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:634632-1
WFO ID wfo-0000959912
COL ID 6H8WS
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Eulophia decipiens Eulophia graminea Eulophia inconspicua Eulophia ucbii Eulophia venusta Graphorkis decipiens Graphorkis graminea Graphorkis inconspicua Eulophia gusukumai Eulophia ramosa Eulophia sinensis Graphorchis graminea Graphorchis decipiens Graphorchis inconspicua