Plants 20–70 cm; solitary or clumped, eglandular; rhizomes short and stout or elongate and wiry, or caudices. Stems 1(–3+), erect, simple, ± villous to glabrescent. Leaves strongly basal and cauline, linear, firm, ± fleshy, margins indurate, ± revolute, entire to spinose-serrate, smooth to remotely scabridulous or ciliate, spines indurate, finely parallel-veined with evident midribs, apices acute, revolute-indurate, faces glabrescent (minute hairs bulbous at base, threadlike distally); basal and proximal cauline persistent, sessile or petiolate (narrowing between bases and blades), blades lance-linear to linear, 100–300 × (1–)2–5 mm, bases ± marcescent, sheathing, ciliate; cauline sessile, blades linear to lance-linear, 20–95 × 3–5 mm, progressively reduced distally, bases rounded-to auriculate-clasping, adaxial faces sparsely villous in distal, the distal subtending heads boat-shaped. Heads 3–16+ in spiciform to narrow, racemiform arrays. Peduncles 0 (usually) or ascending, 1–17+ mm, sparsely villosulous; bracts 0–2, ascending, lanceolate, bases not indurate, rounded (boat-shaped), margins ciliate, faces glabrous. Involucres campanulate, 6.5–9.7 mm, shorter than pappi. Phyllaries 20–40 in 4–5 series, green, often ± involute in distal 1 / 2 – 2 / 3 (outer) to 1 / 3 (inner), densely nerved (nerves not thickened), lanceolate, unequal, coriaceous, bases indurate, rounded (outer), margins entire, indurate (outer) or scarious and often purplish (inner), sparsely ciliate, apices acute to acuminate, indurate, apiculate, adaxial faces glabrous or sparsely villosulous. Ray florets 8–17; laminae pale purple to purplish white, 10–16(–20) × 1–1.8 mm. Disc florets 18–30; corollas yellow, 5.5–7.6 mm, barely ampliate, tubes much shorter than tubular-funnelform throats (1–2 mm), lobes erect, lanceolate, 0.65–1 mm. Cypselae brown to gray-brown, fusiform, ± compressed, 2–2.5 mm, ribs 7–10, faces ± strigillose; pappi of burnt-orange (coarse, sometimes apically clavellate) bristles 6–7.5 mm, as long as or slightly longer than disc corollas.
Home