Excoecaria agallocha L.

Gewa (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Excoecaria

Characteristics

Trees deciduous, up to 15 m tall; branches lenticellate, glabrous. Leaves alternate throughout; stipules ovate, 1.5-2 mm; petiole 1.5-3 cm; leaf blade elliptic or broadly elliptic, rarely ovate-oblong, 4.5-10 × 3-5 cm, subleathery, base obtuse or broadly cuneate, margin entire or indistinctly serrulate, with 2 distinct glands at base near junction with petiole, apex obtusely acuminate; midvein stout, concave adaxially, convex abaxially, lateral veins 10-13, arcuately ascending steeply and running close to edge some distance before terminating. Flowers dioecious, in axillary, solitary or double racemelike thyrses; male inflorescences 3-4.5 cm, dense and catkinlike, female ones shorter. Male flowers 1 per bract; bracts broadly ovate, fleshy, ca. 2 × 2 mm, base inside 2-glandular, branchlets lanceolate; sepals linear-acuminate, ca. 1.2 mm; stamens usually exceeding sepals. Female flowers: bracts and bracteoles as in male; pedicels slightly longer than male ones (elongating to 5 mm in fruit); sepals broadly ovate or triangular, slightly connate at base, ca. 1.4 × 1 mm; ovary ovoid; stigmas, ca. 3 mm, free, revolute at apex. Capsules globose, trisulcate, 7-8 × ca. 10 mm; cocci ovoid, rostrate at apex. Seeds globose, ca. 4 mm in diam. Fl. and fr. Jan-Sep. 2n = 140.
More
Shrub or small tree to 10 m high, evergreen. Stipules lanceolate-triangular, 0.8–1 mm long. Leaves discolorous; petiole 6–37 mm long; lamina elliptic, or obovate, 13–150 mm long, 10–80 mm wide; base cuneate, rounded; margins crenate with 11–14 short teeth per side of midrib; tip acuminate, acute, notched or rounded; lateral veins 7–17. Male flowers ± sessile; sepals 3, linear-lanceolate, 0.4–1.2 mm long; stamens 3. Female flowers: pedicels 1–2 mm long; sepals 3, lanceolate, 0.8–2 mm long; styles 3, 1–1.5 mm long. Fruit depressed-globose, 4–5 mm long, 5–7 mm diam. Seeds globose-ovoid, 4–5 mm long, 2–4 mm wide. [See also Green (1994).]
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 10.0 - 15.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Mangrove and tidal forests, brackish areas and rice fields at elevations from sea level to 100 metres.
More
Plants grow in the rear of the mangrove zone adjacent to other plant communities.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses environmental use fuel invertebrate food material medicinal poison social use wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use Antirheumatic agents (bark), Arthritis (bark), Cathartics (bark), Emetics (bark), Flatulence (bark), Leprosy (bark), Paralysis (bark), Antiviral agents (fruit), Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Antiviral agents (leaf), Arthritis (leaf), Epilepsy (leaf), Flatulence (leaf), Insecticides (leaf), Leprosy (leaf), Paralysis (leaf), Ulcer (leaf), Abortifacient agents (plant exudate), Antirheumatic agents (plant exudate), Arthritis (plant exudate), Carbuncle (plant exudate), Cathartics (plant exudate), Digestive system diseases (plant exudate), Epilepsy (plant exudate), Fishes, poisonous (plant exudate), Flatulence (plant exudate), Leprosy (plant exudate), Paralysis (plant exudate), Postnatal care (plant exudate), Ulcer (plant exudate), Wound healing (plant exudate), Wounds and injuries (plant exudate), Digestive system diseases (rhizome), Postnatal care (rhizome), Antirheumatic agents (root), Arthritis (root), Edema (root), Flatulence (root), Inflammation (root), Leprosy (root), Paralysis (root), Sprains and strains (root), Wounds and injuries (seed), Tooth diseases (stem), Abortifacient (unspecified), Arrow-poison (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Dermatosis (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Paralysis (unspecified), Piscicide (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Excoecaria agallocha leaf picture by Hugues Ferrand (cc-by-sa)
Excoecaria agallocha leaf picture by J J Tamssom (cc-by-sa)
Excoecaria agallocha leaf picture by J J Tamssom (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Excoecaria agallocha flower picture by Doris Hoarau (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Excoecaria agallocha fruit picture by Hugues Ferrand (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Excoecaria agallocha world distribution map, present in Andorra, Australia, Bangladesh, Bahamas, China, Fiji, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Moldova (Republic of), Myanmar, Norfolk Island, Philippines, Thailand, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Viet Nam, Wallis and Futuna, and Samoa

Conservation status

Excoecaria agallocha threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:348815-1
WFO ID wfo-0000965883
COL ID 3DJXX
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 671133
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Stillingia agallocha Commia cochinchinensis Excoecaria affinis Excoecaria agallocha Excoecaria camettia Excoecaria ovalis Excoecaria sphaerosperma Excoecaria agallocha var. camettia Excoecaria agallocha var. lancifolia Excoecaria agallocha var. orthostichalis Excoecaria agallocha var. ovalis Excoecaria agallocha var. genuina