Excoecaria madagascariensis Müll.Arg.

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Excoecaria

Characteristics

Leaf blades 5–18 × 2–6 cm, elliptic to elliptic-oblanceolate, obtusely acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base, entire, thinly coriaceous, dark green on upper surface, paler beneath, but deep coppery-red when young; lateral nerves in c. 10–20 pairs, subperpendicular.
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Inflorescences in axils of the upper leaves, 1.5–2 cm long, shortly pedunculate, densely flowered; bracts c. 1 mm across, broadly ovate, imbricate, obtuse.
Female flowers: sepals suborbicular-ovate, obtuse or subacute, otherwise ± as in the male flowers; ovary 3-lobed, smooth; styles 3, connate at the base.
Male flowers: sepals 3, minute, lanceolate, acute, greenish-white to yellowish; stamens 1 mm long, anthers 0.5 mm long.
Stipules 2.5 mm long, triangular-ovate, acute, soon falling; scars overlapping.
A shrub or small lax tree 1–4 m tall with a white poisonous latex, monoecious.
Seeds 4 mm in diameter, globose, smooth, greyish-brown, mottled darker brown.
Fruit 10 mm in diameter, 3-lobed, smooth, green at first, later reddish.
Bark dark brown or blackish, ± smooth or finely reticulate.
Petioles 5–8 mm long, adaxially canaliculate.
Leaves opposite.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support -
Foliage retention -
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.5 - 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

An understorey plant in evergreen rainforests; thickets; woodland on granitic outcrops; dry evergreen forests; commonly along rivers; at elevations from 50-1,830 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses charcoal fuel medicinal wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Excoecaria madagascariensis world distribution map, present in Kenya, Madagascar, Somalia, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Excoecaria madagascariensis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:348893-1
WFO ID wfo-0000966027
COL ID 3DK2C
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 807343
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Spirostachys madagascariensis Stillingia madagascariensis Excoecaria madagascariensis Excoecaria sylvestris Sapium madagascariense