Farfugium japonicum (L.) Kitam.

Leopard plant (en), Ligulaire (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Farfugium

Characteristics

Rhizomes stout, 1-2 cm in diam. Scape to 70 cm tall, 5-6 mm in diam. at base, initially densely shortly pale yellow pilose, glabrescent. Leaves with petiole 15-25 cm, initially densely shortly pale yellow pilose, ± glabrescent, amplexicaul, sheath densely villous inside; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, reniform, 9-13 × 11-22 cm, subleathery, initially gray puberulent, glabrescent, base cordate, margin entire or dentate to palmatilobed, apex rounded; sinus ca. 1/3 as long as leaf blade. Stem leaves bracteal, oblong or linear-lanceolate, 1-2 cm. Capitula 2-7 in corymb; peduncles 2-13 cm, puberulent. Involucre campanulate or broadly turbinate, 1.2-1.5 cm, mouth to 1.5 cm in diam., outside puberulent; phyllaries 12-14, oblong, apex acuminate; inner phyllaries broadly membranous at margin. Ray florets 8-12, yellow; lamina oblong or spatulate-oblong, 1.5-2.2 cm × 3-4 mm, apex rounded or acute. Tubular florets numerous, 1-1.2 cm; tube ca. 6 mm. Achenes ca. 7 mm, ribbed, hairy. Pappus white, as long as tubular corolla. Fl. and fr. Aug to following Mar. 2n = 60.
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An evergreen herb. It keeps growing from year to year. The leaf stem is 30-40 cm long. The flower stalk is 30-75 cm high. The leaves are at the base near ground level and are kidney shaped. They are leathery and 15-20 cm long by 25 cm wide. They are thick and have a long leaf stalk. The flowers are yellow. The flower heads are 4-6 cm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 0.75
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A temperate plant. It grows in cliffs and rocky outcrops along the coast. It needs a humus rich moist soil. It is resistant to the salt spray.
More
Rocky cliffs near sea shores. In the long grass of streamside meadows. Lower elevations in forests, on grassy slopes and valleys in China.
Light 4-7
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

The young leaves are eaten. The leaf stalks are boiled in water to remove the harsh flavour, then peeled and used to add flavour to salads and other dishes. Caution: It contains chemicals that cause cancer and therefore needs treatment.
Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible leaves roots stems
Therapeutic use Antidote (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown by seed or division of the clump.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Farfugium japonicum leaf picture by Konzerva Starej (cc-by-sa)
Farfugium japonicum leaf picture by Freitas Mariana (cc-by-sa)
Farfugium japonicum leaf picture by Antunez diaz victor (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Farfugium japonicum flower picture by Boy Portuguese (cc-by-sa)
Farfugium japonicum flower picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Farfugium japonicum flower picture by Ing Bö (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Farfugium japonicum world distribution map, present in China, Spain, India, Italy, Japan, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, and Taiwan, Province of China

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:207632-1
WFO ID wfo-0000134933
COL ID 3DV29
BDTFX ID 168445
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Farfugium tussilagineum Farfugium japonicum f. aligulatum Ligularia kaempferi Senecio sieboldii Farfugium kaempferi Senecio kaempferi Ligularia formosana Ligularia nokozanensis Senecio farfugium Arnica tussilaginea Farfugium grande Ligularia farfugium Tussilago japonica Senecio tussilaginea Farfugium japonicum f. japonicum Ligularia tussilaginea Ligularia tussilaginea var. tussilaginea Farfugium japonicum var. japonicum Ligularia tussilaginea var. formosana Farfugium tussilagineum var. formosanum Farfugium japonicum

Lower taxons

Farfugium japonicum var. luchuense Farfugium japonicum var. giganteum