Glabrous perennial with stout, short, woody rhizome. Stems solitary or somewhat tufted, rather robust, rigid, quadrangular and deeply sulcate at the base, ancipitous with scabrid angles below the inflorescence, many-leaved at the base, 45-75(-100)cm by 2-5 mm. Leaves distichous, somewhat shorter than to as long as the stems, coriaceous. flat, gradually narrowed to the rather abruptly acuminate apex, with prominent midrib and serrulate-scabrous margins, glaucous or greyish green, 3-8 mm wide; ligule absent; lower sheaths bladeless or shortly laminate, shining, fuscous to castaneous. Inflorescence decompound, large, loose, diffuse, with numerous spikelets, up to 20 by 10 cm. Involucral bracts 3-4, erect, the lower 1-2 overtopping the inflorescence, 10-25 cm long. Primary rays num-erous, erecto-patent, compressed, smooth, up to 10 cm. Spikelets solitary, narrowly oblong to linear, somewhat angular, acute, many-flowered, brown, 4-13 by 1-1½ mm; rachilla broadly winged. Glumes spiral, chartaceous, ovate to oblong-ovate, acute or apiculate, keeled, 1½-2 by 1½ mm, the upper ones not rarely abnormally elongated, up to 4 mm long; keel green, 3-nerved, sides nerveless, shining ferrugineous to brown. Stamens 3 (or in some flowers 2); anthers oblong, ¾-1 mm long. Style triquetrous, pyramidally thickened at the base, glabrous or ciliolate at the top, ¾-1 mm; stigmas 3, as long as to somewhat longer than the style. Nut obtusely trigonous with slightly convex sides, ellip-soid to oblong-obovoid, shortly stipitate, obscurely umbonulate, sparsely verruculose, finely trans-versely lineolate by the oblong-linear epidermal cells, stramineous to brownish, 7/10-9/10 by ½-3/5 mm.
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Perennials. Rhizomes short. Culms solitary or tufted, 45-75 cm, 2-4 mm wide, compressed, striate, apically scabrous. Leaves shorter than or as long as culm, subdistichous; sheath slightly bilaterally compressed, abaxially membranous and brown, mouth obliquely split; ligule absent; leaf blade linear, 3-8 mm wide, flat, margin apically scabrous, apex acute. Involucral bracts 3 or 4, linear, basal 1 or 2 longer than inflorescence. Inflorescence a compound anthela, to 20 × 10 cm, lax; rays many, to 10 cm, slightly compressed. Spikelets solitary, oblong to oblong-ovoid, 4-10 × 1-1.5 mm. Glumes brown, ovate to oblong-ovate, 1.5-2 mm, 3-veined forming an abaxial yellowish green keel excurrent into a mucro, apex acute; apical glumes often abnormal, to 4 × 1.5 mm. Stamens (2 or)3; anthers oblong. Style 0.5-1 mm, 3-sided, glabrous or apically slightly ciliate, basally inflated; stigmas 3. Nutlet yellowish white to grayish brown, ellipsoid to oblong-obovoid, ca. 1 × 0.5 mm, obtusely 3-sided, with distinct transverse oblong reticulation, sparsely verruculose. Fl. and fr. autumn.
Open forest, more rarely in rice fields and along river banks. Open places in primary forests, often abundant in secondary forests, forest-borders, shaded grassy localities, on river-banks, rarelv in rice fields. At elevations up to 1,000 metres
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In open places in primary forests, often abundant in secondary forests, forest-borders, shaded grassy localities, on river-banks, rarelv in rice-fields, 0-1000 m.
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