Frangula californica (Eschsch.) A.Gray

California buckthorn (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rhamnaceae > Frangula

Characteristics

Shrubs, 0.5–5 m. Stems red to gray or brown, glabrous or hairy. Leaves usually persistent, rarely deciduous; petiole 3–10 mm; blade bright green to green, gray-green, yellowish green, or yellow abaxially, dark green to yellowish green or greenish white adaxially, not glaucous, ovate, elliptic, or oblong-elliptic, 2–10 cm, distinctly coriaceous, base cuneate to rounded or subcordate, margins entire or serrate, serrulate, or dentate-serrulate, apex acute or acuminate to obtuse, rounded, or truncate, abaxial surface glabrate or densely and closely white stellate-hairy, adaxial surface glabrous, glabrate, or sparsely hirsutulous; secondary veins 7–11(–12) pairs. Inflorescences umbels, pedunculate, 5–60-flowered. Pedicels 10–20 mm. Stigmas 2–3-parted. Drupes black, globose or slightly elongate, 10–15 mm; stones 2–3.
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An evergreen shrub. The new growth is red. The leaves are shiny green. The flowers are pale greenish-yellow. They occur in clusters. The fruit are round red berries. They turn black as they ripen.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 4.25
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Coastal sage scrub, desert scrub, chaparral, woodlands, forest edges, growing on dry, sandy or rocky slopes in ravines and on hillsides; at elevations up to 2,800 metres.
More
It is a temperate plant. It suits hardiness zones 7-10.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-11

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw.
Uses animal food environmental use food material medicinal
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Toothache (root), Emetic (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Frangula californica leaf picture by S H (cc-by-sa)
Frangula californica leaf picture by Mariela Taylor (cc-by-sa)
Frangula californica leaf picture by DGG DGG 2018 (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Frangula californica flower picture by Johnny Poppyseed (cc-by-sa)
Frangula californica flower picture by Samantha Goncalves (cc-by-sa)
Frangula californica flower picture by Johnny Poppyseed (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Frangula californica fruit picture by Christina Gargiullo-Silva (cc-by-sa)
Frangula californica fruit picture by Liz Pucket (cc-by-sa)
Frangula californica fruit picture by DGG DGG 2018 (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Frangula californica world distribution map, present in United States of America

Conservation status

Frangula californica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30435046-2
WFO ID wfo-0000691873
COL ID 6JLG4
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Rhamnus nana Rhamnus oleifolia Rhamnus major Perfonon laurifolium Rhamnus castorea Rhamnus laurifolia Rhamnus californica Rhamnus purshiana var. californica Endotropis oleifera Frangula californica

Lower taxons

Frangula californica subsp. crassifolia Frangula californica subsp. cuspidata Frangula californica subsp. occidentalis Frangula californica subsp. tomentella Frangula californica subsp. ursina