Frangula purshiana (Dc.) A.Gray ex J.G.Cooper

Cascara buckthorn (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rhamnaceae > Frangula

Characteristics

Shrubs or trees, 1–12 m. Stems red to brown, gray, or green, glabrous or densely hairy. Leaves deciduous or semideciduous, alternate; petiole 6–23 mm; blade usually pale green abaxially, green to bluish or greenish gray adaxially, not glaucous or glaucous when fresh, elliptic to oblong or oblong-obovate, (3.5–)5–15 cm, herbaceous or distinctly coriaceous, base rounded to subcordate, obtuse, or cuneate, margins entire, irregularly toothed, or serrulate, apex obtuse or truncate, both surfaces glabrous or sparsely to densely hairy, or adaxial velvety; secondary veins 9–11 pairs. Inflorescences umbels, pedunculate, 10–25-flowered. Pedicels 5–15 mm. Stigmas 2–3-lobed. Drupes black, globose to depressed-globose, 5–10 mm; stones 3.
More
Large shrub or small tree (2)-6-7 m tall. Buds, young shoots and very young lvs with ferruginous tomentum. Petiole 1-2.5 cm long, tomentose. Lamina 5-13.5 × 3-7 cm, broad-elliptic or elliptic-obovate, ± hairy, densely hairy on the raised 12-16 pairs of veins beneath, subentire or crenulate-serrulate; base rounded or subcordate; apex mostly shortly cuspidate. Peduncles 5-35 mm long, ferruginous-tomentose; pedicels similar but shorter. Bracts to 1 mm long, subulate. Calyx c. 4 mm long, ferruginous-tomentose outside; lobes 1.3-2 mm long, triangular. Petals included, whitish; < calyx lobes; limb wider than long. Style c. 1 mm long; ovary glabrous. Fr. turbinate, black, 3-seeded.
A very small tree. It grows to about 6 m high. The trunk can be 25 cm across. The bark is thin and greyish-brown. The leaves are alternate and simple. They are 4-16 cm long and usually widest just above the middle. The base is rounded and the tip is short. There are fine teeth along the edge. The flowers are yellowish green. They are small. The fruit are like berries. They are round and blackish. They are 8-14 mm across and contain 2-3 small nutlike seeds.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 8.05 - 10.35
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.6
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Rich bottom lands and sides of canyons, usually in coniferous forests. Coniferous forests, forest edges, deciduous woodlands, stream banks, coastal sage scrub, non-serpentine substrates; at elevations up to 2,000 metres.
More
It is a temperate plant. It grows in moist organic soils. It can also grow on sandy or gravelly soils.
Light 3-6
Soil humidity 5-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-10

Usage

The fruit are sometimes eaten. They are slightly bitter but can be used for jams, jellies and preserves. The bark has to have its bitterness removed and is then a flavouring for soft drinks, baked goods and ice cream.
Uses dye food material medicinal ornamental poison wood
Edible barks fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Laxative (bark), Dermatological Aid (bark), Cathartic (bark), Anthelmintic (bark), Gastrointestinal Aid (bark), Emetic (bark), Adjuvant (bark), Unspecified (bark), Disinfectant (bark), Antirheumatic (Internal) (bark), Blood Medicine (bark), Panacea (bark), Venereal Aid (bark), Tonic (bark), Antidiarrheal (bark), Analgesic (bark), Liver Aid (bark), Poison (bark), Constipation (bark), Dyspepsia (bark), Disorder of endocrine pancreas (bark), Gastrointestinal Aid (flower), Poison (fruit), Emetic (fruit), Emetic (leaf), Liver Aid (root), Cathartic (root), Panacea (root), Poison (root), Venereal Aid (root), Laxative (unspecified), Aperient (unspecified), Bilious (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -15
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Frangula purshiana leaf picture by Cathy Francis (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Frangula purshiana world distribution map, present in New Zealand and United States of America

Conservation status

Frangula purshiana threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30426867-2
WFO ID wfo-0000691925
COL ID 6WTWP
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Rhamnus purshiana Cardiolepis obtusa Rhamnus purshiana var. hirtella Frangula purshiana

Lower taxons

Frangula purshiana subsp. ultramafica Frangula purshiana subsp. annonifolia