Fraxinus americana L.

Tree to 40 m; bark becoming rather finely and closely reticulate-ridged; lfls 5–9, usually 7, oblong to ovate or obovate, usually abruptly acuminate, crenulate to sometimes entire, paler and papillose beneath; petiolules mostly wingless; twigs and lvs mostly glabrous; terminal bud generally blunt, wider than high; old lf-scars commonly with a concave upper margin; anthers linear to linear-oblong, apiculate; fr linear to oblanceolate, 3–5 cm, the wing extending a third of the length of the terete body, the free part, above the body, longer than the body itself; subtending cal 1–1.5(–2) mm, seldom cleft on one side only; 2n=46, 92, 138. A valuable timber tree of rich, moist (not wet) woods; N.S. to Minn., s. to Fla. and Tex. (F. biltmoreana, a ± pubescent, chiefly southern form, perhaps reflecting hybridization with no. 2 [Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall])

Rich upland to lowland woods. Usually found in association with other hardwood trees in well-drained soils on slopes; at elevations up to 1,050 metres.

The inner bark is eaten after scraping down in long fluffy layers and cooking.

Can be grown by graftings or seedlings.