Funaria hygrometrica Hedw.

Funaria moss (en), Funaire hygrométrique (fr)

Species

Bryophytes > Funariales > Funariaceae > Funaria

Characteristics

Plants medium-sized, gregarious, light green; terricolous. Stems 3-8 mm long. Leaves imbricate in bulb-like cluster, weakly contorted dry; broadly elliptical to obovate, 2-4 mm long, concave; apex acute to short acuminate; margins plane to broadly inrolled above, entire to weakly serrate. Costa ending just below apex to short excurrent; in section round, guide cells 4, ventral cells in single row of 2-3 cells, larger than guide cells, thin-walled, dorsal stereid band small, 2-4 cells thick, dorsal surface cells similar in size to guide cells, incrassate. Laminal cells inflated, subhexagonal to short rectangular, somewhat narrower at margin; basal cells oblong. Seta 20-50 mm long, yellowish; capsules horizontal to pendent, asymmetrical, arcuate, subpyriform, to 3 mm long, reddish brown, sulcate, mouth oblique, neck differentiated, sulcate when dry; exothecial cells rectangular, thin-walled, irregular and shorter on concave surface, at mouth with 4-8 rows of transversely rectangular cells, neck cells quadrate to angular; stomata present on neck; annulus well developed, revoluble; peristome double, exostome teeth sigmoid, triangular-twisted, joined at apex to an ephemeral, cancellate disk, ventral surface papillose-striate below, papillose above, dorsal surface strongly trabeculate, endostome segments lanceolate, papillose, cilia absent; operculum convex, cells twisted counter-clockwise; spores round, 14-17 µm, yellow-brown, smooth.
More
Plants 4-10 or more mm, with a basal antheridial branch, medium green to yellowish green; leafless proximally with leaves crowded and bulbiform distally, sometimes laxly foliate throughout. Leaves smaller proximally, distal leaves 2-4 mm, deeply concave, oblong-ovate to broadly obovate distally, acute to apiculate or short-acuminate, entire or weakly serrulate distally; costa subpercurrent to short-excurrent; distal laminal cells thin-walled and inflated, hexagonal or oblong-hexagonal becoming much more oblong proximally. Seta usually (12-)20-45(-80) mm, slender and flexuose, usually hygroscopic. Capsule 2-3.5 mm, pyriform, asymmetric, curved to straight, horizontal to pendent or merely inclined or nearly erect, becoming sulcate when dry below the strongly oblique mouth; annulus revoluble, operculum slightly convex; peristome brown, papillose-striate proximally and papillose distally, strongly trabeculate, becoming appendiculate distally, forming a lattice by fusion of the tips; endostome segments lanceolate about 2/3 as long as the teeth, yellowish, finely papillose-striate. Calyptra cucullate, smooth. Spores mostly 12-21 µm, finely papillose.
Plants medium-sized, gregarious, annual, occasionally perennial. Stems 3-8 mm long. Leaves imbricate, in bulb-like cluster, weakly contorted when dry; broadly elliptical to obovate, 2-4 mm long, concave; apex acute to short acuminate; margins plane to broadly inrolled above, entire to weakly serrate; costa ending below to short excurrent. Upper laminal cells inflated, subhexagonal to short rectangular. Capsule horizontal to pendent, asymmetrical, arcuate, subpyriform, sulcate; peristome double, exostome teeth sigmoid, triangular-twisted, joined at apex; operculum convex, cells twisted counter-clockwise.
Life form
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Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
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Environment

Light -
Soil humidity 1-9
Soil texture 9-9
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Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

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Cultivation

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Images

Funaria hygrometrica unspecified picture

Distribution

Funaria hygrometrica world distribution map, present in Brazil, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID 35145457
WFO ID wfo-0001172703
COL ID 6K3SS
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 5650
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Tayloria henryae Funaria sphaerocarpa Funaria campylopus Funaria convoluta Funaria flaviseta Funaria fuegiana Funaria globicarpa Funaria gracilescens Funaria orthopoda Funaria papillata Funaria androgyna Funaria angustifolia Funaria hygrometrica Funaria intermedia Funaria lonchopelma Funaria marginata Funaria minor Funaria plagiostoma Funaria ramificans Funaria ravenelii Funaria hygrometrica var. intermedia Funaria hygrometrica var. patula Funaria hygrometrica var. utahensis Funaria hygrometrica var. hygrometrica

Lower taxons

Funaria hygrometrica var. calvescens