Stems erect, 20-60(-100) cm tall, robust; nodes enlarged when fresh, shrivelled when dry, bristly; internodes bristly, appressed pubescent, apically sometimes also glandular pubescent. Petiole 1-2.5 cm, pubescent; stem leaf blades ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 3-8.5 × 1.5-4 cm, adaxially appressed bristly, abaxially sparsely puberulent, glandular, base attenuate to broadly cuneate, margin crenate-serrate, apex acute or acuminate. Verticillasters solitary, crowded; bracts linear to lanceolate, 3-6 mm, base ± membranous, margin bristly, apex spinescent. Calyx ca. 1 cm, spreading bristly outside, puberulent inside; teeth subequal, almost as long as tube, narrowly triangular, apex long spinescent. Corolla white and/or yellow, rarely purplish red, ca. 1.4 cm, tube ca. 8 mm; upper lip obtuse, margin denticulate, bristly; middle lobe of lower lip oblong, ca. 2 mm wide, emarginate, purple spotted to margin, slightly constricted at base; lateral lobes oblong, entire, slightly wider than middle lobe. Filaments pubescent toward base. Nutlets brown, obovoid, triquetrous, scaly. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Sep.
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