Galinsoga parviflora Cav.

Potato weed (en), Galinsoga glabre (fr), Galinsoga à petites fleurs (fr), Galinsoge à petites fleurs (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Galinsoga

Characteristics

Erect annual, 10-75 cm tall. Stems glabrous to moderately hairy, usually becoming almost glabrous below, much-branched. Lvs glabrous or sparsely hairy especially on margins and veins of undersurface, petiolate, usually ovate, sometimes elliptic, acute to acuminate, obtuse to truncate at base, serrate, 1-9 cm long; upper cauline lvs usually smaller, narrower, and apetiolate. Capitula 3-7 mm diam., in loose clusters; peduncles 3-20-(35) mm long, sparsely to densely hairy and usually with stalked glandular hairs. Involucral bracts foliaceous, mostly persistent, with narrow to broad membranous laciniate margins. Outer and inner receptacular scales 3-fid, innermost persistent. Ray florets usually 5; ligules white, entire or shallowly (2)-3-fid, 1-1.8 × 1-1.8 mm. Disc florets many, golden yellow. Achenes of ray florets strongly flattened, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs, 1.8-2.5 mm long; pappus 0, or reduced to short, entire or laciniate scales < 0.7 mm long. Achenes of disc florets flattened or square in section, usually hairy especially on angles, 1.5-2 mm long; pappus scales 15-22, 1-1.5 mm long, subulate, laciniate and usually obtuse at apex, sometimes acute to acuminate on innermost achenes.
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Annual herb 10-75(-100) cm high, erect, spreading or decumbent; branches hispidulous or pilose, glabrescent. Leaves petiolate, membranous, ovate, 1-11 cm long, 0.5-7 cm wide, base broadly cuneate, margins crenate to subentire, apex acute or acuminate, scabridulous-pilose or glabrous on both surfaces; 3-veined from base; petiole to 25 mm long. Capitula in few-headed cymes in upper leaf-axils, globose, on slender stalks to 2 cm long; involucre 2.5-3.5 mm long; phyllaries green, membranous, ovate, pilose or glabrous; paleae 3-fid, to 2.6 mm long, ciliolate. Ray florets white, 4-5(-8), the ray broadly ovate, 0.8-2 mm long, 3-lobed, tube 0.8-1 mm long, pilose; disc florets yellow or less often orange, 0.8-1.4 mm long, the tube puberulous. Achenes 1.2-2.5 mm long, puberulous; pappus absent or of 15-20 ovate laciniate scales, usually obtuse at apex, 1-1.5 mm long.
Annual herb, up to 500 mm high. Leaves opposite; blade ovate, up to 60 x 40 mm, apex acute or acuminate, base broadly cuneate, margins subentire to serrate-crenate, hispidulous or glabrescent, 3-veined from base; petiole up to 15 mm long. Heads radiate; peduncles long, cymosely arranged at branch tips and upper leaf axils, with hairs short, appressed-ascending and few, short, glandular hairs. Involucral bracts 1-or 2-seriate, ovate, free. Receptacle with paleae trifid. Flowers: ray florets female, fertile, small; disc florets bisexual; ray and disc florets white; Dec.-Mar., Jun. Fruit dimorphic; cypsela of ray florets obovate, somewhat compressed; cypsela of disc florets narrowly turbinate, angled. Pappus absent or vestigial in ray cypsela, of disc cypsela fimbriate scales without marked terminal awn.
Slender annual herb, sparsely pubescent, sometimes glandular-pubescent; stems branched, (8–) 30–60 (–75) cm high. Leaves with petiole 5–25 mm long; lamina lanceolate to ovate, (17–) 20–60 mm long, (8–) 10–35 mm wide, cuneate, rounded or subtruncate at base, entire to serrulate, acute to subacuminate, sparsely pubescent. Capitula 3–6 mm diam., in loose terminal and axillary cymes, long-pedunculate; involucral bracts c. 7–10, ovate, 1–3 mm long; outermost paleae broadly elliptic to obovate, entire or laciniate, basally adnate to inner involucral scales; inner paleae narrower, often ±persistent. Ray florets usually 5, white or tinged pink; ligule 0.5–1.5 mm long, c. 1 mm wide, 3-lobed. Achenes 1.5–2 mm long, black, weakly pilose near apex. Pappus of numerous fimbriate scales.
Annual herb, 0.07-0.50 m high; glabrous, leafy. Leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate, membranous, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate, margins subentire to serrate-crenate. Capitula radiate, pedunculate, in small cymes, terminal; involucre hemispherical; bracts ovate. Receptacle conical, paleate; paleae flat, membranous. Ray florets female, fertile; corolla white, strap-shaped. Disc florets bisexual, fertile; corolla yellow, cylindric, 5-toothed. Anthers oblong, faintly sagittate at base, with suborbicular apical appendage. Style linear; branches of ray florets linear-lanceolate. Flowering time Sept.-Apr. Pappus scales fimbriate. Cypselae usually dorsiventrally compressed, enclosed by group of connate involucral bracts and paleae.
Much like no. 1 [Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav.], less hairy, the stem glabrous or sparsely pubescent with appressed or sometimes spreading hairs, the peduncles appressed-hairy, or finely villous with spreading, gland-tipped hairs; lvs ovate or lance-ovate, mostly less coarsely toothed; outer invol bracts 2–4, scarious-margined, persistent, the inner ones and their attached pales also persistent; inner receptacular bracts deeply trifid; achenes sparsely appressed-hairy or glabrous; pappus scales of the disk-fls conspicuously fimbriate, generally blunt, nearly or quite as long as the cor; rays to 1.5(–2) mm, nearly or quite epappose; 2n=16. Native from sw. U.S. to S. Amer., but now a cosmopolitan weed.
Plants 4-60 cm. Leaf blade 7-110 × 3-70(-80) mm. Peduncles 1-40 mm; involucres campanulate, 2.5-5 mm in diam.; phyllaries persistent; outer paleae persistent with distal inner phyllaries or deciduous, elliptic to obovate, inner usually persistent, lanceolate to ovate or obovate, 2-3.5 mm, 3-lobed, lobes to 1/3+ total lengths, acute. Ray florets (3-)5(-8); corollas usually dull white or pink, lamina 0.5-1.8 × 0.7-1.5 mm. Disk florets 15-50. Ray achenes 1.5-2.5 mm; pappus absent or of 5-10 laciniate scales 0.5-1 mm; disk achenes 1.3-2.5 mm, glabrous or strigose; pappus absent or of 15-20 gray, sometimes white, linear, fimbriate, obtuse or acute scales 0.5-2 mm. Fl. Jul-Oct. 2n = 16.
Plants 4–60 cm. Leaf blades 7–110 × 3–70(–80) mm. Peduncles 1–40 mm. Involucres campanulate, 2.5–5 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent. Paleae: outer persistent with distal phyllaries or falling, elliptic to obovate; inner usually persistent, lanceolate to ovate or obovate, 2–3.5 mm, 3-lobed, lobes to 1/3+ total lengths, acute. Ray florets (3–)5(–8); corollas usually dull white (pink), laminae 0.5–1.8 × 0.7–1.5 mm. Disc florets 15–50. Cypselae: rays 1.5–2.5 mm; discs 1.3–2.5 mm, glabrous or strigose; pappi: rays 0 or of 5–10, laciniate scales 0.5–1 mm; discs 0, or of 15–20 white or gray, linear, fimbriate, obtuse (acute) scales 0.5–2 mm.
An annual herb. It grows to 75 cm high and has a spread of 50 cm. The stem is erect and much branched. The stem is rather weak. The leaves are oval and opposite. The leaves have leaf stalks are the leaves are toothed around the edge. The flowers are small and daisy like. They occur in small clusters and have white rays and a yellow disk. The flowers are produced in the axils of the upper leaves.
Annual herb, up to 500 mm tall. Peduncle hairs short, appressed-ascending, with a few short glandular hairs. Receptacular paleae trifid. Pappus scales without marked terminal awn. Flowers white.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 0.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical and subtropical plant. It will grow in most soils and under most conditions. It can tolerate drought and frost. In Papua New Guinea it grows from 900 to 2500 m altitude. It can grow in arid places but is best with medium to high rainfall. Seeds need a temperature between 10-35°C to germinate. They also need light to germinate. In Zimbabwe it grows between 1,370-1,660 m above sea level. In Ecuador it grows between 1,500-3,000 m above sea level. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 2,500 m above sea level. Tasmania Herbarium. In Yunnan.
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A common weed of horticulture and market gardens in a range of damp soils, and may also invade natural areas of forest along tracks and roadsides, at altitudes from sea level to at least 1100 m.
Arable land, waste places, pavements in towns etc, often in partial shade. Disturbed soils, fields, orchards, gardens, lawns, roadsides from sea level to 2300 metres in N. America.
Arable land, waste places, pavements in towns etc, often in partial shade. Disturbed soils, fields, orchards, gardens, lawns, roadsides from sea level to 2300 metres in N. America.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-11

Usage

The leaves and the young stems can be eaten raw or cooked. They are used as a potherb or added to soups and stews. They are used as seasoning. They can be put into stir-fries. It is also dried and ground into a green powder and added to soups and stews especially with chicken. The fresh juice is drunk with other vegetable juices. The flowering shoots are eaten raw or cooked and in soups and stews.
Uses animal food bee plant environmental use fodder food gene source medicinal poison potherb seasoning vertebrate poison
Edible flowers leaves shoots stems
Therapeutic use Wounds and injuries (flower), Bites and stings (leaf), Diarrhea (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Earache (leaf), Fever (leaf), Snake bites (leaf), Vomiting (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Wounds and injuries (stem), Urtication (unspecified), Bites and stings (unspecified), Blood pressure regulation (unspecified), Epilepsy (unspecified), Furunculosis (unspecified), Hypotension (unspecified), Hypothermia (unspecified), Parasympatholytics (unspecified), Hemorrhage (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. Often they are self sown. The seeds germinate quickly and young plants grow rapidly.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Galinsoga parviflora habit picture by pedrogc -- (cc-by-sa)
Galinsoga parviflora habit picture by Manuëlle (cc-by-sa)
Galinsoga parviflora habit picture by Vincent Thery (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Galinsoga parviflora leaf picture by Lennart Wessel (cc-by-sa)
Galinsoga parviflora leaf picture by renée vermeulen (cc-by-sa)
Galinsoga parviflora leaf picture by Sonja Altern (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Galinsoga parviflora flower picture by Pascal Dupont (cc-by-sa)
Galinsoga parviflora flower picture by Soraya Lajili (cc-by-sa)
Galinsoga parviflora flower picture by Notebaert Lotte (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Galinsoga parviflora fruit picture by cscoq (cc-by-sa)
Galinsoga parviflora fruit picture by Karsten Hoffmeyer (cc-by-sa)
Galinsoga parviflora fruit picture by Klaas Langendoen (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Galinsoga parviflora world distribution map, present in Albania, Argentina, Armenia, American Samoa, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Benin, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Bhutan, Botswana, Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Germany, Djibouti, Denmark, Ecuador, Eritrea, Spain, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Libya, Liechtenstein, Sri Lanka, Lesotho, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Mexico, North Macedonia, Myanmar, Montenegro, Mozambique, Martinique, Mauritius, Malaysia, Namibia, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Puerto Rico, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Paraguay, Réunion, Romania, Russian Federation, Sudan, El Salvador, Serbia, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, eSwatini, Thailand, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, Uruguay, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:208554-1
WFO ID wfo-0000135740
COL ID 3F55R
BDTFX ID 28869
INPN ID 99358
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Galinsoga parviflora f. parceglandulosa Baziasa microglossa Vigolina acmella Galinsoga parviflora Galinsoga acmella Galinsoga semicalva Stemmatella sodiroi Sabazia microglossa Adventina parviflora Galinsoga quinqueradiata Galinsoga laciniata Galinsoga parviflora f. subeglandulosa Galinsoga parviflora f. parviflora Galinsoga calva Galinsoga laciniata Wiborgia parviflora Galinsoga calva Wiborgia acmella Galinsoga hirsuta Galinsoga semicalva var. semicalva Galinsoga parviflora subsp. parviflora Sabazia microglossa var. microglossa Galinsoga parviflora var. adenophora Galinsoga semicalva var. percalva Galinsoga parviflora var. parviflora Galinsoga parviflora var. semicalva