Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav.

Shaggy soldier (en), Galinsoga cilié (fr), Galinsoga quadriradié (fr), Galinsoge quadriradiée (fr), Galinsoge ciliée (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Galinsoga

Characteristics

Erect annual, 10-50 cm tall. Stems sparsely to densely hairy, becoming almost glabrous to remaining densely hairy below, much-branched. Lvs sparsely to moderately hairy especially on margins and veins, petiolate, ovate to elliptic, acute to acuminate, obtuse to truncate at base, serrate, 1-6-(8) cm long; upper cauline lvs usually smaller, narrower and apetiolate. Capitula 3-7 mm diam., in loose clusters; peduncles 3-20 mm long, moderately to densely hairy and with glandular hairs. Involucral bracts foliaceous, deciduous or the outer persistent, sometimes with narrow membranous or somewhat laciniate margins. Outer receptacular scales entire or 3-fid; innermost scales usually entire, sometimes irregularly 2-3-fid or laciniate, deciduous or persistent. Ray florets usually 5; ligules white or tinged red, moderately to deeply 3-fid, 1-2.2 × 1-2.2 mm. Disc florets many, yellow to orange. Achenes of ray florets strongly flattened, glabrous or sparsely hairy, c. 1.5 mm long; pappus of c. 10 laciniate scales c. 1 mm long. Achenes of disc florets flattened or square in section, hairy especially on angles, 1.2-1.6 mm long; pappus scales 15-20, 1-1.5 mm long, lanceolate, laciniate and aristate.
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Freely branching, somewhat hairy, 2–7 dm, the hairs of the stem generally fairly coarse and spreading; lvs petiolate, with ovate (often broadly so), rather coarsely toothed blade 2.5–7 × 1.5–5 cm; heads mostly rather numerous (in well developed plants) in open, leafy cymes, slender-pedunculate, the peduncles and often also the invols spreading-villous, with gland-tipped hairs; outer invol bracts 1–2, herbaceous, deciduous, the inner 3–4 mm, deciduous with their attached receptacular bracts; rays (3–)5(6), white (pink), strongly 3-toothed, 2–3 mm, nearly as wide; inner receptacular bracts mostly entire; disk 3–6 mm wide; achenes black, hispidulous with appressed or ascending hairs; pappus of the disk of slender, fimbriate scales tapering to a short but definite awn-tip, often shorter than the cor, that of the rays of short but well developed fimbriate scales, about equaling the tube; 2n=32, 48, 64. Native of C. and S. Amer., now a cosmopolitan weed. June–Nov. (G. bicolorata and G. caracasana, with pink rays; G. ciliata)
Plants 8-62 cm. Leaf blade 20-60 × 15-45 mm. Peduncles 5-20 mm; involucres hemispheric to campanulate, 3-6 mm in diam.; phyllaries deciduous; outer paleae deciduous, broadly elliptic to obovate, 2-3 mm, inner deciduous, linear to lanceolate, 2-3 mm, entire or 2-or 3-lobed, lobes to 1/3 total lengths, blunt. Ray florets (4 or)5(-8); corollas usually white, sometimes pink, lamina 0.9-2.5 × 0.9-2 mm. Disk florets 15-35. Ray achenes 1.5-2 mm; pappus of 6-15 fimbriate scales 0.5-1 mm; disk achenes 1.3-1.8 mm; pappus absent or of usually 14-20, rarely 1-5, white, lanceolate to oblanceolate, fimbriate, sometimes aristate, scales 0.2-1.7 mm. Fl. Jul-Oct. 2n = 32, 48, 64.
Plants 8–62 cm. Leaf blades 20–60 × 15–45 mm. Peduncles 5–20 mm. Involucres hemispheric to campanulate, 3–6 mm diam. Phyllaries falling. Paleae: outer falling, broadly elliptic to obovate, 2–3 mm; inner falling, linear to lanceolate, 2–3 mm, entire or 2-or 3-lobed, lobes to 1/3 total lengths, blunt. Ray florets (4–)5(–8); corollas usually white, sometimes pink, laminae 0.9–2.5 × 0.9–2 mm. Disc florets 15–35. Cypselae: rays 1.5–2 mm; discs 1.3–1.8 mm; pappi: rays of 6–15 fimbriate scales 0.5–1 mm; discs 0, or of usually 14–20, rarely 1–5, white, lanceolate to oblanceolate, fimbriate, sometimes aristate, scales 0.2–1.7 mm. 2n = 32 [48, 64].
Annual herb 20–80 cm high; branches scabridulous.. Leaves petiolate, ovate, 2.5–7 cm long, 1–5 cm wide, base cuneate, margins crenate-serrate, apex acute, scabridulous to glabrous on both surfaces; 3-veined from base; petiole to 35 mm long.. Capitula in few-headed cymes, terminal or in upper axils; involucre 2.6–3.5 mm long; phyllaries pilose to glabrous; paleae ciliolate.. Ray florets white, 4–5, the ray 1–1.6 mm long; disc florets greenish, 1.2–1.7 mm long, pubescent.. Achenes black, 1.5–1.7 mm long, pilose; pappus of ± 18 narrow scales, each with apical awn to 1.2 mm long.
Annual herb 20-80 cm high; branches scabridulous. Leaves petiolate, ovate, 2.5-7 cm long, 1-5 cm wide, base cuneate, margins crenate-serrate, apex acute, scabridulous to glabrous on both surfaces; 3-veined from base; petiole to 35 mm long. Capitula in few-headed cymes, terminal or in upper axils; involucre 2.6-3.5 mm long; phyllaries pilose to glabrous; paleae ciliolate. Ray florets white, 4-5, the ray 1-1.6 mm long; disc florets greenish, 1.2-1.7 mm long, pubescent. Achenes black, 1.5-1.7 mm long, pilose; pappus of ±18 narrow scales, each with apical awn to 1.2 mm long.
Annual herb, up to 500 mm tall. Peduncle hairs long and spreading with some long glandular hairs. Receptacular paleae commonly not trifid. Pappus scales with terminal awn. Flowers with white rays, disc white or yellow; January to February and May to August.
An erect herb. It grows to about 75 cm high. The leaves are wedge shaped with teeth along the edge. They are hairy on both surfaces. They taper to the base. The flower heads are yellow. The fruit is dry and one seeded.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.61
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It grows in temperate and tropical places. In Nepal it grows to about 2500 m altitude. It grows in moist, open places. In Argentina it grows between 900-3,500 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-12

Usage

The tender leaves and shoots are cooked and eaten as a vegetable. They are also eaten in salads. They are also added to potato soup.
Uses food gene source medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Eczema (leaf), Central nervous system depressants (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Galinsoga quadriradiata habit picture by Frank Leman (cc-by-sa)
Galinsoga quadriradiata habit picture by Jean-Marie Frenoux (cc-by-sa)
Galinsoga quadriradiata habit picture by regis avril (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Galinsoga quadriradiata leaf picture by Julien Quiret (cc-by-sa)
Galinsoga quadriradiata leaf picture by Ayala Roman (cc-by-sa)
Galinsoga quadriradiata leaf picture by Stu Rogers (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Galinsoga quadriradiata flower picture by Duckee (cc-by-sa)
Galinsoga quadriradiata flower picture by Oliver Grünewald (cc-by-sa)
Galinsoga quadriradiata flower picture by ArinaK (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Galinsoga quadriradiata fruit picture by catquest (cc-by-sa)
Galinsoga quadriradiata fruit picture by Ivan Grassinger (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Galinsoga quadriradiata world distribution map, present in Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Bahamas, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Central African Republic, Canada, Switzerland, China, Cameroon, Colombia, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Dominica, Denmark, Ecuador, Eritrea, Spain, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Guadeloupe, Equatorial Guinea, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), Mexico, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Martinique, Nicaragua, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, New Zealand, Panama, Peru, Poland, Puerto Rico, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, El Salvador, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, eSwatini, Tajikistan, Turkey, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:208557-1
WFO ID wfo-0000114677
COL ID 3F55T
BDTFX ID 28871
INPN ID 99359
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Galinsoga parviflora f. discoidea Galinsoga quadriradiata f. quadriradiata Galinsoga ciliata f. ciliata Galinsoga ciliata Galinsoga hispida Galinsoga aristulata Galinsoga caracasana Jaegeria urticifolia Galinsoga brachystephana Galinsoga bicolorata Galinsoga eligulata Galinsoga purpurea Ageratum perplexans Galinsoga quadriradiata Galinsoga humboldtii Stemmatella lehmannii Sabazia urticifolia Adventina ciliata Galinsoga urticifolia Galinsoga parviflora f. vargasiana Wilborgia urticifolia Galinsoga brachystephana Baziasa urticifolia Galinsoga allaeocarpa Jaegeria urticaefolia Stemmatella urticifolia Galinsoga quadriradiata f. vargasiana Galinsoga brachystephana Vargasia caracasana Galinsoga hispida Galinsoga quadriradiata var. quadriradiata Wiborgia urticifolia Galinsoga hispida var. albiflora Sabazia urticifolia var. urticifolia Galinsoga hispida var. hispida Stemmatella urticifolia var. urticifolia Galinsoga quadriradiata subsp. quadriradiata Galinsoga ciliata subsp. ciliata Galinsoga quadriradiata var. hispida Galinsoga parviflora var. hispida Stemmatella urticifolia var. eglandulosa Galinsoga parviflora var. quadriradiata Galinsoga parviflora subsp. hispida Galinsoga parviflora var. caracasana Galinsoga parviflora subsp. quadriradiata Sabazia urticifolia var. venezuelensis Galinsoga quadriradiata subsp. hispida Galinsoga hispida var. purpurascens Galinsoga quadriradiata f. albiflora Vasargia caracasana