Galium spurium L.

Marin county bedstraw (en), Gaillet bâtard (fr), Petit gratteron (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Galium

Characteristics

Herbs, annual, procumbent or climbing, 30-50 cm tall. Stems 4-angled, 0.5-2.5 mm in diam., ± branched from base, retrorsely aculeate on angles, glabrescent to pilose at nodes. Leaves at middle stem region in whorls of 6-8, subsessile; blade drying papery, narrowly oblanceolate to narrowly oblong-oblanceolate, 5-40 × 1-5(-8) mm, usually pilosulous or hispidulous adaxially, retrorsely aculeolate along midrib abaxially and along margins, base acute, margins flat to thinly revolute, apex acute and shortly mucronate; vein 1. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, cymes 2-to several flowered; axes glabrous to aculeolate; bracts leaflike or none, 1-5 mm; peduncles 1-4 cm; pedicels 0.5-15 mm, finally elongating and often curved directly under fruit. Ovary subglobose, 0.3-0.5 mm, with uncinate trichomes or glabrous. Corolla yellowish green or white, rotate, 1-1.5 mm in diam., lobed for 2/3 or more; lobes 4, triangular to ovate, acute. Mericarps subglobose to broadly kidney-shaped, 1-3 mm in diam., glabrous or often densely covered with uncinate trichomes 0.1-1 mm from straight bases. Fl. Mar-Jul, fr. Apr-Nov.
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Weak scrambling herb 0.3–1.8 m. long, with prickly but otherwise glabrous stems.. Leaves and stipules in whorls of 6–8; blades linear-lanceolate or linear-oblanceolate, 1–4(–4.7) cm. long, 1–3(–6) mm. wide, with a filiform acumen at the apex, cuneate at the base; margins and midvein with coarse recurved prickles, making the whole plant harshly adhesive.. Cymes 1–9-flowered, but sometimes with many of the fruits borne on apparent unbranched peduncles arising from nodes of the main stem or main branches; peduncles and pedicels 0–3.2(–3.7) cm. long.. Calyx-tube 0.5–0.65 mm. long, 0.8–1.1 mm. wide, hairy or glabrous.. Corolla greenish white, white, green or yellowish, 1–2 mm. wide; tube 0.3–0.4 mm. long; lobes triangular, 0.7–1.1 mm. long, 0.5–0.6 mm. wide.. Cocci of fruit 1–3 mm. in diameter, glabrous or hairy.
Annual herb, 0.4-3.0 m high, stem weak. Leaves in whorls of 6-8, linear-lanceolate to obovate, with distinct, ± filiform acumen at apex, glabrous above or with scattered straight or curled hairs beneath, margins with coarse recurved prickles. Flowers single or occasionally paired on peduncles; fruiting pedicels up to 35 mm long. Corolla up to 2 mm in diam., greenish white, lobes longer than wide, pointed; stamens very short. Ovary up to 0.8 mm long. Flowering time Sept.-Dec. Fruit covered with white, non-tuberculate, hooked hairs; mericarps globose, up to 4 mm in diam.
Straggling annual, up to ± 2 m long, with recurved prickles on angles of stem. Leaves in whorls of 6-8, linear-lanceolate to obovate, midvein and margin prickly. Flowers 1-4 in leaf axils, anthers subsessile, ovary prickly, greenish to whitish.
An annual herb. It is weak and the stem are angular. The leaves are in rings of 4-6. They are sword shaped. They are 1-3 cm long by about 1 cm wide. The flowers are in groups of 1-7 in the axils of leaves or at the ends of the stem.
Foliis fenis lanceolatis carinatis scabris retrorfum aculeatis, geniculis simplicibus, fructibus glabris. Aparine femine laeviore. Aparine foliis crebrioribus & femine laeviore.
Straggling, prickly annual ± 2 m. Leaves in whorls of 6-8, lanceolate-ovate, margins prickly. Flowers 1-4 in axils, anthers subsessile, ovary prickly, whitish.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.35 - 0.63
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Plants are doubtfully native in Britain but are well established in arable fields in Essex and in a few other scattered localities.
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It is a temperate plant.
Light 4-6
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-11

Usage

The leaves are cooked and eaten.
Uses dye food gene source material medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Galium spurium unspecified picture

Distribution

Galium spurium world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Albania, Austria, Burkina Faso, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Spain, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Libya, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Palau, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Singapore, Somalia, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Chad, Turkmenistan, Tunisia, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Ukraine, Yemen, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:750665-1
WFO ID wfo-0000970236
COL ID 3F6J8
BDTFX ID 29258
INPN ID 99549
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Galium aparine f. spurium Galium aparine f. strigosa Galium aparine f. tenerum Galium aparinoides Galium spurium Galium hongnoense Galium vaillantii Galium adhaerens Galium aparine f. leiocarpum Galium campestre Galium pauciflorum Galium tenerum Galium aparine f. vaillantii Galium agreste Aparine spuria Galium spurium subsp. tenerum Galium spurium var. aparinella Galium aparine subsp. tenerum Galium aparine subsp. infestum Galium aparine var. spurium Galium agreste var. leiospermon Galium aparine var. echinospermum Galium aparine var. infestum Galium aparine subsp. spurium Galium aparine var. tenerum Galium aparine var. vaillantii Galium spurium var. echinospermum Galium spurium subsp. glabrum Galium spurium var. tenerum Galium spurium subsp. vaillantii Galium aparine var. leiospermum Galium aparine var. spurium Galium spurium var. echinospermum Galium aparine var. echinospermum

Lower taxons

Galium spurium subsp. africanum Galium spurium subsp. ibicinum Galium spurium subsp. spurium