Galopina circaeoides Thunb.

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Galopina

Characteristics

Perennial herb, several-to many-stemmed, ('female' + 'male'), ('female' + 'male') + 'female', 'female' or occasionally ('female' + 'male') + 'male' or 'female' + ('female' + 'male') + 'female'. Stems (0.3-)0.4-1.2(-1.5) m long, ascending to erect or occasionally decumbent and rooting at nodes, glabrous or occasionally sparsely hairy; often with much-contracted short shoots bearing small leaves. Leaves: blades (28-)40-80(-105) x (8-)12-30(-37) mm, ± lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, narrowed to base, acute at apex, glabrous or with some short whitish spreading hairs along midrib and principal veins and/or scattered on both surfaces; petioles (3-)4-14 mm long; stipular sheath with 3 or 5(-7) setae, free portion of the longest (3.5-)4-8(-10.8) mm. Inflorescence broadly pyramidal to ± spheroidal, lax, c. (190-)150-300 x (80-)130-280 mm; peduncles and pedicels filiform, slender, glabrous, strongly divergent in fruit, elongating to (7-)12-26(-37) mm. Flowers: corolla whitish, creamy white, yellowish or greenish, occasionally reddish purplish tinged outside, glabrous or papillate. ('Female' + 'male'), 'female': tube 0.3-0.5(-0.6) mm long, lobes (1.1-)1.3-1.7(-1.9) x (0.3-)0.4-0.6 mm; anthers 1.1-1.6 mm long. 'Female': tube ±0-0.2(-0.3) mm long, lobes 0.6-0.8(-1) x 0.1-0.2(-0.3) mm; stigmas (2.3-)3-5(-6.5) mm long; ovary c. 0.5-0.8(-1) x (0.5-)0.8-1.3 mm, ± densely warty. Fruit blackish to black; each mericarp c. 1.5-2.0 x (0.7-)1-1.4 mm, oblong to ± obovate, ± densely warty.
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Erect or occasionally decumbent, perennial herb, (0.3-)0.4-1.2(-1.5) m high. Stems often with short shoots; leaves of short shoots smaller than long-shoot leaves. Leaves glabrous or sparsely hairy, narrowly ovate. Flowers: inflorescence lax, broadly pyramidal to ± spheroidal; peduncles and pedicels (7-)12-26(-37) mm long in fruit, filiform, slender; ovary and fruit warty, glabrous; corolla whitish, creamy white, yellowish or greenish; occasionally reddish purplish tinged outside; Dec.-Mar. Fruit with mericarps oblong to ± obovate, ± densely warty.
Several-stemmed, perennial herb, 0.3-0.9 m high; stems erect to ascending, short-shoots much contracted, with small leaves. Leaves ± ovate-lanceolate, up to 105 x 37 mm; stipular sheath with 3 or 5(7) setae. Inflorescences up to 300 x 280 mm, lax; peduncles and pedicels filiform, divergent, up to 37 mm in fruit. Flowers male, hermaphrodite or female; corolla whitish, yellowish or greenish, occasionally reddish tinged purplish outside, glabrous or papillate. Flowering time Dec.-May. Fruit ± densely warty mericarps, up to 2 x 1.4 mm.
Erect or occasionally decumbent perennial herb, (0.3-)0.4-1.2(-1,5) m high. Stems often with short shoots; leaves of short shoots smaller than long shoot leaves. Leaves glabrous or sparsely hairy, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate. Inflorescence lax, broadly pyramidal to spheroidal; peduncles and pedicels (7-)12-26(-37) mm long in fruit, filiform and slender. Ovary and fruit warty, glabrous. Flowers whitish, creamy white, yellowish or greenish; occasionally reddish purplish tinged outside.
Leaf blades (30)40–70(90) x (8)10–25(30) mm., ± lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, narrowed to base, acute at apex, glabrous or with some short whitish spreading hairs; petioles 3–10(14) mm. long; stipular sheath with 3 or 5(7) setae, free portion of the longest 4–8 mm.
Stems 0.3–0.8(1.2) m. long, ascending to erect or occasionally decumbent and rooting at nodes, glabrous or sometimes sparsely hairy; often with much-contracted short shoots bearing small leaves.
Inflorescence broadly pyramidal to ± spheroidal, lax, 12–30 x (8)10–28 cm.; peduncles and pedicels filiform, slender, glabrous, strongly divergent in fruit, elongating to (7)12–25(35) mm.
Female: tube 0–0.3 mm. long, lobes 0.6–0.8(1) x 0.1–0.3 mm.; stigmas (2.5)3–5(6.5) mm. long; ovary 0.5–1 x (0.5)0.8–1.3 mm., ± densely warty.
Corolla whitish, creamy white, yellowish or greenish, occasionally reddish purplish tinged outside, glabrous or papillate.
Perennial to 1.5 m. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, soft. Flowers in a diffuse, terminal panicle, whitish or reddish.
Fruit blackish to black; each mericarp 1.5–2 x (0.7)1–1.4 mm., oblong to ± obovate, ± densely warty.
Hermaphrodite, male tube 0.3–0.5 mm. long, lobes 1.2–1.8 x 0.4–0.6 mm.; anthers 1.1–1.6 mm. long.
Several-to many-stemmed perennial herb.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.9
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Galopina circaeoides world distribution map, present in Lesotho, Mozambique, eSwatini, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:750873-1
WFO ID wfo-0000970678
COL ID 3F72Y
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Anthospermum galopina Galopina circaeoides Phyllis galopina Galopina circaeoides var. glabra