Garuleum bipinnatum Less.

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Garuleum

Characteristics

Aromatic, viscid, subshrub, 0.6-1.5 m tall. Stems arising from woody rootstock, up to 3 cm in diam., erect, usually branched, striate or slightly furrowed, glandular. Leaves alternate, glandular, about 10-40 mm long, bipinnatipartite. Capitula radiate, pedunculate, solitary at ends of stem and branches or arranged in loose corymbs. Peduncles vary greatly in length, up to 120 mm long, and have a few small, dentate or entire bracts. Involucre campanulate 5-8 mm high, ±10 mm broad when pressed. Involucral bracts in 2 or 3 series, imbricate, ± glandular, outer bracts narrowly lanceolate, ±3.0-4.0 mm long, inner bracts narrowly oblong-lanceolate, ±5.0-6.0 mm long, with whitish-scarious margins and often violet tips. Ray florets female, fertile, strap shaped, varying a lot in colour, including white, blue, mauve, purple and violet, and are about as long as involucres; corolla limb up to 10-15 x 3 mm, elliptic; corolla tube up to 3 mm long, glandular, cylindric. Style up to 3 mm long, branched, linear, style branches 2 mm long, subacute. Ovary up to 2.1 mm long, glabrous, obovate in outline, angled. Cypselae: compressed triangular-obpyramidal, ±4.0-5.0 mm long, glabrous. Disc florets bisexual, yellow and about same size as involucres; corolla limb 3 mm long, widening upwards, glandular, 5-lobed; lobes ovate, 0.2 mm long; lower part of corolla tubular, 1.8 mm long, glandular. Style up to 5 mm long, branched, curved, bulbous at the base, style branches 2.5 mm long with stigmatic papillae along sides. Anthers 2 mm long, linear, with an ovate apical appendage, caudate. Ovary 3 mm long. Cypselae: outer fertile, obovate and slightly emarginate at the tip or almost obcordate, marginal wing with stiff, thickened margin, up to 5.0 x 3.5 mm, inner sterile narrowly obovate, 5-6 x 2 mm, pellucid.
More
Perennial herb or subshrub, up to 1.5 m tall, covered with scattered short-stalked glands. Leaves alternate, bipinnatipartite to pinnate, with linear lobes, ± aromatic. Flowerheads radiate, terminal, solitary or arranged in loose corymbs, pedunculate; ray florets blue, mauve, purple, violet, white or yellow; disc florets yellow. Cypselas of ray florets trigonous and warty, occasionally developing from outer disc florets, these flat, obovate and ± notched apically, surrounded by a stiff, thick-margined wing; pappus absent.
Perennial dwarf shrub or herb, 0.3-1.5 m high, scabrous, rigid. Leaves alternate, glabrous, pinnate or bipinnatipartite, lobes linear, subulate, acute, few-lobed or simple. Capitula solitary, terminal or arranged in loose corymbs, pedunculate. Ray florets blue, mauve, purple, violet, disc yellow. Flowering time Feb.-May. Cypselae of outer disc floret glabrous, outer ones surrounded by a wing with stiff, thickened margins, obovate and slightly emarginate at tip or almost obcordate ± 5 x 3.5 mm.
Twiggy, scabrid, aromatic shrublet to 30 cm. Leaves pinnatisect, segments filiform. Flower heads radiate, solitary or few in lax corymbs, with white or blue rays and yellow disc. Achenes ovate and wedge-shaped, slightly wrinkled, olive-green.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.6 - 1.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 4-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Garuleum bipinnatum world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:208645-1
WFO ID wfo-0000116311
COL ID 3FBV9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Dimorphotheca multifida Osteospermum bipinnatum Pluchea bipinnata Garuleum bipinnatum