Gastrodia sesamoides R.Br.

Potato orchid (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Orchidaceae > Gastrodia

Characteristics

Plants 300-1500 mm tall; rhizomes to 120 x 20 mm; leaves reduced to 5-10 mm long membranous cauline scales. Inflorescences lax, to 200 mm long; bracts membranous, c. 5 mm long. Flowers yellow to cream-coloured, bell-shaped, not resupinate, patent or pendulous; pedicels distinct from the ovaries, 3-5 mm long. Sepals and petals sub-equal, 12-15 mm long, fused for most of their length, lobes 3 x 3 mm, margins somewhat swollen and undulate, tube split adaxially. Lip largely free, mobile, fused basally to the tube, 3-lobed, 10-12 x 5 mm, callus of 2 crests 1 mm tall and 3 mm long which fuse apically into a single ridge; midlobe 6 x 5 mm, more or less oblong but narrowed to the truncate apex, margins undulate-crenate and incurved; side lobes small folds. Gynostemium subclavate, 8 x 2-3 mm and apically somewhat winged. Capsules erect, 17 x 7 mm.
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Plant at fl. to c. 60–90 cm. tall. Swollen rhizomes large, e.g. individual parts to 8 × 3 cm. Stem erect, stout or slender (2–7 mm. diam.). Scale lvs widely spaced. Fls us. < 20, ± drooping to bring dorsal sepal next to axis. Per. c. 10–16 × 4–8 mm., light brownish; lobes slightly thickened marginally. Lateral sepals connate almost to level of labellum-tip. Labellum ovate-oblong, rather shortly adnate to per.-tube; long median calli much crested; margin well-developed, undulate and ± lobed, membr. above, thickened below, confined to free limb. Column almost as tall as labellum, very narrowly winged throughout; anther short, operculate, filament smooth; stigma basal, far below anther.
Flower stem 120–500 mm tall, slender, brown, fleshy, usually nodding when in bud, 4–25-flowered. Flowers tubular, pendulous, 16–20 mm long, externally grey to greyish brown, smooth to warty, internally crystalline white. Petal margins irregular or wavy. Labellum 9–11 × 4.5–6 mm, nearly triangular, white with orange margins, 3-lobed; lateral lobes with upturned, irregular margins; midlobe yellowish, with wide, angular to triangular basal margins, irregular towards apex. Callus of 2 prominent ridges, spreading then convergent, breaking up into irregular calli on midlobe, producing yellow pseudopollen. Column 6.5–7.5 × 2.5–3 mm, smooth; anther cap smooth.
A slender leafless ground orchid. It grows attached to and feeding on other plants. The plant is leafless. The rhizome under the ground is irregular in shape. The tuber is 2-10 cm across. It is brown and fleshy. The flower stem is 30-80 cm long. It is erect and dark brown. It is fleshy and has several bracts sheathing it. There are 3-75 flowers. These are nodding on flower stalks 0.3-1 cm long. The flowers are 1.5-2 cm long and bell shaped. They are brown and white. They have a sweet scent.
Slender, rhizomatous saprophyte to 1 m. Leaves reduced, scale-like, membranous. Flowers in a lax raceme, bell-shaped, not resupinate, patent or pendulous, light brown and cream-coloured, sepals and petals fused, lip free, 3-lobed with 2 crests.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.02 - 0.1
Mature height (meter) 0.6
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is mainly in drier coastal regions. It grows in open forest and sheltered gullies in both lowland and highland regions. It is generally amongst roots of decayed trees and is partly a parasite on them.
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Widespread and common; growing in coastal scrub and a range of moister, forested habitats including wet sclerophyll forest and along rainforest margins in sandy loam and clay loam.
Open forest and scrub from the coast to the sub-alpine zone, mainly north of latitude 42°s, in the North and South Islands of New Zealand.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-11

Usage

The tubers are eaten after roasting.
Uses -
Edible leaves roots tubers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is very difficult to grow.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Gastrodia sesamoides unspecified picture

Distribution

Gastrodia sesamoides world distribution map, present in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:635545-1
WFO ID wfo-0000971588
COL ID 3FDJB
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Gastrodia sesamoides