Gazania rigens (L.) Gaertn.

Treasure-flower (en), Gazanie (fr), Gazania raide (fr), Gazanie raide (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Gazania

Characteristics

Perennial, with trailing, branched rhizome rooting at nodes, decumbent to ascending, 20–30 (–40) cm high, often ±woody. Leaves tufted at stem apices, linear-oblanceolate to narrowly spathulate, (3–) 5–10 (–12) cm long, 0.5–1.5 (–1.8) cm wide, usually entire, obtuse or subacute, pale-green and glabrous, cobwebby white-hairy beneath except midrib; petiole short, narrowly winged. Capitula (3.5–) 5–6 cm diam.; peduncles 10–15 (–20) cm long; involucre 2–3-seriate; bracts basally fused for more than half their length, linear-lanceolate, 10–15 mm long, denticulate, acute. Ray florets 12–15 (–18); ligule 2–2.5 mm long, yellow or orange-yellow, basally with a black, white-centred blotch. Disc florets tubular, orange; lobe margins sclerified. Achenes obovoid, (4–) 5–6 mm long, ribbed, densely silky-hairy. Pappus scales lanceolate, 2–3 mm long, acute-acuminate.
More
Perennial herb, mat-forming, up to 0.4 m long, trailing/creeping. Stem uniformly leafy. Leaves coriaceous, 30-110 x 4-23 mm, lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, either all leaves undivided or some pinnatifid, with 1 or 2 laciniae lanceolate, apex acute/obtuse, margins entire, upper surface glabrous/tomentose, lower surface tomentose, except midvein. Capitula on penduncles 40-150 mm long, not leafy, sometimes linear bracts on stem; involucre campanulate/cupuliform; scales terminal, few parietal, 2-or 3-seriate; outer involucral scales triangulate-lanceolate, acute, 4-7 mm long, tomentose; inner involucral scales narrowly triangulate, acuminate, 5-10 mm long, ± glabrous. Ligules yellow, plain or basal black/bicoloured spots. Flowering time all year, rainfall dependent.
Perennial. Stems sprawling; old lvs deciduous. Lvs tufted at tips of stems, usually entire, rarely pinnate, oblanceolate-spathulate, 5-10 × 0.5-1.5 cm, tapered to long petiole; upper surface usually glabrous or rarely bristly, dark green; lower surface with dense appressed white tomentum, with glabrous midrib; margins glabrous or with minute denticles, revolute. Capitula solitary; peduncles 5-10-(15) cm long. Involucre 10-15 mm diam., campanulate. Involucral bracts in 2-3 rows, glabrous or with minute denticles on margins; free portion narrowly triangular, < fused portion. Ligules bright orange with dark white-centred blotch at base, 2-2.5 cm long. Disc florets dark or orange. Achenes not seen.
Disk-florets numerous; corollas yellow, 5–6 mm. long; achenes 3–5 mm. long, narrowly subfusiform-turbinate, obscurely 10–12-ribbed, densely long-sericeous with the hairs hiding the pappus; pappus 2-seriate of subequal accrescent scale-like setae 2–5 mm. long, the setae developing a somewhat thickened stalk-like base and narrowly hyaline lateral wings which taper into a fine apex, the outer series briefly connate at the base, the inner free.
Leaves leathery, mostly 3–11(15) x 0.4–2.3 cm., lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, tapering-attenuate petiole-like below and stem-clasping at the base, mostly simple sometimes pinnatisect with 1–2 lobes on each side, apices acute or subobtuse, margins somewhat revolute, entire; upper surface glabrous or thinly araneose; lower surface whitish felted-tomentose except for the midrib.
Sprawling, mat-forming perennial to 20 cm. Leaves mostly simple, alternate, oblanceolate, sometimes pinnatisect, white-felted beneath, margins revolute, petioles smooth. Flower heads radiate, yellow; involucral bracts partly white-woolly, inner bracts acute.
Phyllaries several-seriate and longest towards the inside, free parts 5–10 mm. long, the outer usually strap-shaped and often felted-tomentose outside, the inner triangular and ± attenuate at the apex, glabrous.
Stems 1-several, usually decumbent, often ± stoloniferous up to c. 40 cm. long and 4–6 mm. in diam., or suberect to c. 30 cm. tall, simple or branched, ± uniformly leafy, glabrous or ± araneose.
Capitula usually solitary and mostly axillary on upper stem and branches; capitula stalks 4–15 cm. long, naked or sometimes bracteate, glabrous or araneose.
Involucres 10–15 x 8–15 mm., narrowly campanulate, connate in the lower two-thirds.
Rays yellow, ascending-erect, 14–25 mm. long, linear-oblanceolate.
A shortly trailing perennial herb from a woody taproot.
Receptacle alveolae walls c. 0.5 mm. high, membranous.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.23 - 0.3
Root system rhizome tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Growing in disturbed areas and on coastal dunes in sandy clay, moist soils.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 4-8
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Uses environmental use
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings.
Mode cuttings
Germination duration (days) 8 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 18
Germination luminosity dark
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Gazania rigens habit picture by Valérie (cc-by-sa)
Gazania rigens habit picture by emilie lovisi (cc-by-sa)
Gazania rigens habit picture by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Gazania rigens leaf picture by Paul FRANCK (cc-by-sa)
Gazania rigens leaf picture by Valérie (cc-by-sa)
Gazania rigens leaf picture by ange (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Gazania rigens flower picture by Paul FRANCK (cc-by-sa)
Gazania rigens flower picture by Delgado Higueras Javier (cc-by-sa)
Gazania rigens flower picture by Paul FRANCK (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Gazania rigens fruit picture by Sonia Miranda (cc-by-sa)
Gazania rigens fruit picture by genevieve decraene (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Gazania rigens world distribution map, present in Argentina, Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Spain, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Gibraltar, Honduras, Italy, Morocco, Mexico, New Zealand, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Tunisia, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:208720-1
WFO ID wfo-0000087259
COL ID 3FG2H
BDTFX ID 29448
INPN ID 99700
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Gorteria spectabilis Meridiana splendens Gorteria heterophylla Gorteria rigens Meridiana ringens Gazania heterophylla Meridiana tesselata Melanchrysum rigens Gorteria rigida Gorteria personata Gazania splendens Gazania x splendens Gorteria rigida Gazania splendens Gazania uniflora var. uniflora Gazania rigens var. rigens Gazania pavonia var. pavonia Gazania uniflora var. leucolaena Gazania rigens

Lower taxons

Gazania rigens var. uniflora