Geum aleppicum Jacq.

Yellow avens (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Geum

Characteristics

Roots fascicled, fibrous. Stems erect, 30–100 cm tall, together with petioles spreading rigid hairy, rarely glabrescent. Radical leaves lyrate-pinnate, 5–15 cm including petiole, usually with 2–6 pairs of leaflets, both surfaces sparsely rigid hairy; leaflets unequal, terminal one largest, broadly rhombic-ovate or compressed orbicular, 4–15 × 5–15 cm, base broadly cordate to cuneate, margin usually irregularly coarsely serrate, apex obtuse or acute; cauline leaves: stipules green, leaflike, ovate, large, margin irregularly coarsely serrate; leaf blade pinnate, sometimes repeatedly lobed; terminal leaflet lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, base cuneate, apex often acuminate or shortly so. Inflorescence terminal, lax. Flowers 1–1.7 cm in diam.; pedicel pubescent or hirtellous. Sepals ovate-triangular, apex acuminate; epicalyx segments lanceolate, minute, ca. 1/2 as long as sepals, abaxially pubescent and villous, apex acuminate, rarely 2-fid. Petals yellow, suborbicular, longer than sepals. Style terminal, twisted at joint ca. 1/4 way from apex; proximal section pilose; distal section deciduous at fruit maturity. Achene aggregate obovoid; fruiting receptacle hispidulous, hairs ca. 1 mm; achenes hirtellous; proximal section of style persistent, glabrous, apex hooked. Fl. and fr. Jul–Oct.
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Plants leafy-stemmed. Stems 30–120 cm, hirsute to sparsely hirsute. Leaves: basal 10–35 cm, blade interruptedly pinnate, major leaflets 5–9, alternating with 4–6 minor ones, terminal leaflet usually only slightly larger than major laterals; cauline 4–19 cm, stipules ± free, 8–28 × 5–22 mm, blade pinnate to 3-foliolate. Inflorescences 3–7-flowered. Pedicels puberulent, hirsute, eglandular. Flowers erect; epicalyx bractlets 2–3.5 mm; hypanthium green; sepals erect but soon reflexed, 4–8 mm; petals spreading, yellow, nearly orbiculate to broadly ovate or obovate, 5–9 mm, equal to or slightly longer than sepals, apex rounded, occasionally irregularly notched. Fruiting tori on 2–3 mm stipes, densely downy, ?hairs soft, 0.3–0.7 mm?. Fruiting styles geniculate-jointed, proximal segment persistent, 3–6 mm, apex hooked, bristles on basal 1/3, eglandular, distal segment deciduous, 1–2 mm, pilose in basal 1/2, ?hairs much longer than diam. of style?. 2n = 42.
Stems stout, to 1 m, very hirsute, especially below; lvs highly variable, but their lfls or lobes mostly obovate or oblong, distinctly cuneate at base; lower lvs on long petioles, the principal lfls often mingled with minute ones; lfls mostly incised-serrate; pet yellow, about equaling or slightly exceeding the sep; achenes numerous, ca 200 or more, divaricately hispid about the summit, otherwise glabrous or appressed-hairy; basal segment of the style often hirsute below; terminal segment conspicuously short-hirsute; receptacle glabrous or merely short-hispid; 2n=42. Swamps and wet meadows; interruptedly circumboreal. Amer. plants, the var. strictum (Aiton) Fernald, as here described, occur from Nf. and Que. to Yukon, s. to N.J., Ind., Ill., Io., and N.M. May–July.
A small herb. It grows 50 cm high and spreads 40 cm wide. The leaves are made up of several pairs of toothed leaflets. They grow on opposite sides of the stem. There is one leaflet at the end. The leaves have 5-11 segments. Each one is 10 cm long. They have fine teeth. The flower stem is upright and branching. The flowers have 5 yellow petals. They occur in groups on stalks. The flowers are yellow to orange. They are 18 mm wide. The seeds are hairy and in a tight cluster. Each one has a hook at the tip.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.4
Mature height (meter) 0.55 - 0.6
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It grows in wetlands and meadows. In China it grows between 200-3,500 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 3-9. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
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Thickets and grassy places in lowland and low mountains of N. Japan.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 3-7

Usage

The young plant is used as a potherb. The leaves may be used to flavour soups. The roots are used for tea.
Uses fodder material medicinal potherb tea
Edible leaves roots
Therapeutic use Diaphoretic (root), Panacea (root), Pediatric Aid (root), Throat Aid (root), Toothache (root), Anticonvulsive (root), Antidiarrheal (root), Emetic (root), Febrifuge (root), Love Medicine (root), Cough Medicine (root), Pulmonary Aid (root), Analgesic (root), Veterinary Aid (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 28
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Geum aleppicum leaf picture by overzealousbystrom (cc-by-sa)
Geum aleppicum leaf picture by Юрий Басов (cc-by-sa)
Geum aleppicum leaf picture by r l (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Geum aleppicum flower picture by overzealousbystrom (cc-by-sa)
Geum aleppicum flower picture by Josh Dennis (cc-by-sa)
Geum aleppicum flower picture by Anita Rose (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Geum aleppicum fruit picture by Jul (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Geum aleppicum world distribution map, present in Australia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Canada, China, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Hungary, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova (Republic of), Mexico, Mongolia, New Zealand, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30094401-2
WFO ID wfo-0000990001
COL ID 3FY8K
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Geum strictum Geum glabricaule Geum ranunculoides Geum sachalinense Geum besserianum Geum vidalii Geum rugosum Geum x gajewskii Geum intermedium Geum giganteum Geum inclinatum Geum potaninii Geum decurrens Geum strictum Geum strictum var. bipinnatum Geum aleppicum var. bipinnatum Geum aleppicum var. glabricaule Geum aleppicum subsp. strictum Geum aleppicum var. strictum Geum strictum var. decurrens Geum aleppicum