Geum rivale L.

Purple avens (en), Benoîte des ruisseaux (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Geum

Characteristics

Roots robust, terete. Stems erect, 25–70 cm tall, pilose or hirtellous. Radical leaves lyrately pinnate, 10–35 cm including petiole, with 2–4 pairs of leaflets, both surfaces scattered strigose; leaflets unequal, terminal one largest, usually rhombic-ovate, lobed, 4–9 × 3–8 cm, base broadly cuneate or subtruncate, margin markedly incised-lobed to 3-parted and coarsely serrate, apex rounded; cauline leaves: stipules green, ovate-elliptic, lobed to parted, herbaceous; leaf blade simple, 3-lobed or 3-parted. Inflorescence usually nodding, laxly 2–4-flowered. Flowers 2–2.5 cm in diam.; pedicel densely yellow pubescent and pilose. Sepals ovate-triangular, apex acuminate; epicalyx segments usually purplish, linear-lanceolate, minute, 1/3–1/2 as long as sepals, apex acuminate. Petals yellow, purple-brown striate, semiorbicular, longer than sepals, base abruptly tapered into a rather long claw. Style terminal, filiform, twisted at joint; proximal section yellow villous; distal section deciduous at fruit maturity. Fruiting receptacle hirtellous, hairs 1.5–2 mm; achenes yellow villous; proximal section of style persistent. Fl. and fr. May–Aug.
More
Stems 3–6 dm from a short, stout rhizome, sparsely hirsutulous; basal lvs to 3 dm, with 3(5) principal lfls, the terminal one broadly obovate or subrotund, serrate, ± 3-lobed, the others adjacent, narrowly obovate; additional lateral lfls remote and irregular; cauline lvs much smaller, reduced above, variously toothed to divided; fls several, campanulate, nodding, the pedicels eventually elongate; sep purple, ascending or erect, 7–10 mm; bractlets linear, 3–4 mm; pet yellowish, suffused with purple and purple-veined, usually a little shorter than the sep; style at anthesis jointed near the middle, the distal segment plumose, to 8 mm at maturity; achenes spreading, with decurved styles; 2n=42. Swamps and wet meadows; Nf. and Que. to Alta., s. to N.J., Pa., Ind., Mich., and Calif. May– July. G. pulchrum Fernald, with clear yellow pet conspicuously exceeding the sep, has been thought to be a hybrid with G. macrophyllum, but may be merely a form of G. rivale.
Plants leafy-stemmed. Stems 30–85 cm, sparsely downy to scattered-hirsute proximally, downy distally. Leaves: basal 6–40 cm, blade interruptedly pinnate, major leaflets 5–7, mixed with 7–14 minor ones, terminal leaflet slightly larger than major laterals; cauline 2–10 cm, stipules ± free, 7–18 × 5–9 mm, blade pinnate to 3-foliolate. Inflorescences 2–8-flowered. Pedicels densely downy, some hairs glandular. Flowers nodding; epicalyx bractlets 2–4 mm; hypanthium greenish maroon to maroon; sepals erect, 7–10 mm; petals erect, yellow, suffused with purple and purple-veined, spatulate-obovate, 8–10 mm, ± equal to sepals, apex rounded, truncate, or shallowly emarginate. Fruiting tori on 4–10 mm stipes, densely bristly. Fruiting styles geniculate-jointed, proximal segment persistent, 5–9 mm, apex hooked, stipitate-glandular, bristles on basal 1/2, distal segment deciduous, 3–4.5 mm, pilose except apical 1 mm. 2n = 42.
A small herb. It grows 25-30 cm high. It has robust roots. The leaves at the base are harp shaped and with leaflets. They are 10-35 cm long. The leaves are like strawberry leaves. The flowers are dull purplish-pink. Some garden cultivated varieties have been developed.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) 0.2 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.25 - 0.55
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.3
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It grows in northern temperate regions. It prefers cool moist soils. It grows in wet places. In western China it grows between 1,200-2,300 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 3-9.
More
Damp places, such as moist ditches and streamsides, most frequently in the shade.
Light 5-8
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture 1-5
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 3-7

Usage

The boiled rootstock is made into a chocolate like drink. It is best with milk and sugar added. It is also used to flavour ales and liquors. The roots have a clove like taste.
Uses medicinal
Edible flowers leaves nectars roots
Therapeutic use Antihemorrhagic (root), Antidiarrheal (root), Febrifuge (root), Pediatric Aid (root), Cold Remedy (root), Cough Medicine (root), Astringent (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Dysmenorrhea (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Debility (unspecified), Digestive (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Ague (unspecified), Internulcer (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 18 - 28
Germination temperacture (C°) 20
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -40
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Geum rivale habit picture by Manuëlle (cc-by-sa)
Geum rivale habit picture by Szabolcs Frater (cc-by-sa)
Geum rivale habit picture by Kateřina Š. (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Geum rivale leaf picture by Rohweder Karsten (cc-by-sa)
Geum rivale leaf picture by Надежда Надежда (cc-by-sa)
Geum rivale leaf picture by Дмитрий (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Geum rivale flower picture by Christian Schaufelberger (cc-by-sa)
Geum rivale flower picture by klaudia kapicakova (cc-by-sa)
Geum rivale flower picture by Jean Marie Le Pape (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Geum rivale fruit picture by Rohweder Karsten (cc-by-sa)
Geum rivale fruit picture by Andrey Radonezhsky (cc-by-sa)
Geum rivale fruit picture by Manuëlle (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Geum rivale world distribution map, present in Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Estonia, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Greenland, Croatia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iceland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, and South Africa

Conservation status

Geum rivale threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:725355-1
WFO ID wfo-0001004152
COL ID 3FYD8
BDTFX ID 30136
INPN ID 100215
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Geum pallidum Anemone dodecaphylla Bernoullia rivalis Geum nutans Geum nutans Bernoullia hybrida Caryophyllata nutans Geum rivale f. subalpinum Geum rivale f. rivale Caryophyllata aquatica Geum hybridum Caryophyllata rivalis Geum rivale var. lividum Geum rivale subsp. subalpinum Geum rivale var. subalpinum Geum rivale subsp. islandicum Geum rivale var. luxurians Geum rivale