Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Steud.

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Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Gliricidia

Characteristics

Trees to 10 m tall with spreading crowns. Leaves usually alternate, subop-posite or opposite, to ca. 30 cm long; leaflets 5-19, the lateral leaflets mostly opposite, oval to elliptic, 2-7 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, usually glabrous above, sparsely pubescent and lighter beneath, nearly always purple mottled beneath when dry; rachis and petiole lightly to evenly pubescent, petiolules pubescent; stipules minute, caducous. Inflorescences conspicuous, preceding the leaves; ra-cemes clustered from branches or older wood and hence the inflorescence ap-pearing compound; individual racemes 4-15 cm long, the flowers borne singly, uniformly distributed along the axis; bracts minute, soon deciduous. Flowers pink and lilac to white, the petals usually tinged with yellow toward the base; pedicels 5-10 mm; hypanthium cup shaped, ca. 5 mm long, the calyx teeth low to absent; standard nearly round, erect, ca. 20 mm long, 15-20 mm wide, emar-ginate, the claw slender, to 5 mm long, the wings oblong, ca. 20 mm long, 5 mm wide, the keel petals ca. 18 mm long, ca. 5 mm wide, coherent at the base;
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An evergreen shrub or tree. It grows to 10 m high and spreads to 3 m across. The crown is irregular. The bark is grey. The stem is erect and branching. The young branches are hairy. The leaves are compound with 8 to 14 leaflets. These are 7 cm long and 3 cm wide. They come to a blunt tip at the top end and are rounded at the base. The flowers are pink and yellow in the centre with a green stripe. They are pea shaped. The flowers occur in 10 cm long clusters. They are produced on older twigs. The fruit is a woody pod 15 cm long and up to 2 cm wide. The seeds are purplish brown and round. They are 1 cm long and 9 mm wide.
stamens diadelphous, the tube ca. 12 mm long, 3 mm wide at the base, free filaments alternately long and short; ovary linear, ca. 1 cm long, 1 mm wide, glabrous, the stipe to 5 mm long, the style to ca. 4 mm long, the stigma capitate. Fruit light to dark brown, narrow, oblong, ca. 15 cm long, 2 cm wide, the stipe to 1 cm above the persistent cup shaped calyx, margined, surface dull, glabrous, faintly wrinkled or striate; the valves hard, twisting in dehiscence; seeds 3-10, dark brown, nearly round to somewhat oblong, compressed, to 1 cm long.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 3.0
Mature height (meter) 10.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) 0.8
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows best in warm, seasonally dry climates. It occurs in areas with 900-1500 mm annual rainfall. It grows between sea level and 1200 m altitude. It suits areas with a mean annual temperature of 20-27°C. It does best with light well composted soil. The soil needs to be well drained. It needs a protected sunny position. It is damaged by drought and frost. It grows with soil pH between 5.0-8.5. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. In XTBG Yunnan.
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Early and middle successional vegetation types on disturbed sites such as coastal sand dunes, river banks, floodplains and fallow land at elevations from sea level up to 1,500 metres.
Light 7-8
Soil humidity 5-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The leaves have been reported as being eaten. They are used in a fish dish. The flowers are cooked as potherbs and also folded into an egg batter and fried. CAUTION: They are also reported as poisonous. Leaves are used to kill rats. As all parts are poisonous it is probably better not to eat any part.
Uses animal food bee plant charcoal coffee substitute environmental use fodder food forage forestry fuel gene source green manure hedge invertebrate food manure material medicinal non-vertebrate poison poison potherb shade support tea timber vertebrate poison wood
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use Anti-inflammatory agents (aerial part), Central nervous system depressants (aerial part), Diuretics (aerial part), Parasympatholytics (aerial part), Insecticides (bark), Anthelmintics (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Anti-infective agents (leaf), Antinematodal agents (leaf), Antipyretics (leaf), Burns (leaf), Erysipelas (leaf), Exanthema (leaf), Insecticides (leaf), Urticaria (leaf), Wound healing (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Hemagglutination (seed), Anti-infective agents (stem), Headache (unspecified), Bruise (unspecified), Burn (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Erysipelas (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Fatigue (unspecified), Gangrene (unspecified), Insecticide (unspecified), Repellant(Insect) (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Poison(Veterinary) (unspecified), Raticide (unspecified), Rodenticide (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Suppurative (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Eruption (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Urticaria (unspecified), Alopecia (unspecified), Debility (unspecified), Itch (unspecified), Prickly-Heat (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Boil (unspecified), Abdominal pain (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (whole plant excluding root), Central nervous system diseases (whole plant excluding root), Diuretics (whole plant excluding root), Parasympatholytics (whole plant excluding root)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. The seed needs treatment to help it to start growing. Plants are easy to grow from large cuttings or mature wood. The cuttings should be 4.7 cm long.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 15 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Gliricidia sepium habit picture by sama ape (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Gliricidia sepium leaf picture by dh Krishna (cc-by-sa)
Gliricidia sepium leaf picture by Gonzalez Ardila (cc-by-sa)
Gliricidia sepium leaf picture by Zenia Vandrewala (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Gliricidia sepium flower picture by dh Krishna (cc-by-sa)
Gliricidia sepium flower picture by Baptiste Elio (cc-by-sa)
Gliricidia sepium flower picture by Mahesh Rohan (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Gliricidia sepium fruit picture by MaiteO (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Gliricidia sepium world distribution map, present in American Samoa, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bhutan, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Fiji, Ghana, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Martinique, Mauritius, Malaysia, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Nepal, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Senegal, Singapore, Sierra Leone, El Salvador, Suriname, Seychelles, Trinidad and Tobago, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Gliricidia sepium threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:496639-1
WFO ID wfo-0000178022
COL ID 3G9NY
BDTFX ID 56250
INPN ID 455102
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Lonchocarpus rosea Lonchocarpus sepium Millettia luzonensis Robinia maculata Robinia variegata Robinia sepium Gliricidia lambii Robinia rosea Lonchocarpus roseus Gliricidia maculata var. multijuga Robinia rosea Gliricidia sepium