Gonocaryum lobbianum (Miers) Kurz

Species

Angiosperms > Aquifoliales > Cardiopteridaceae > Gonocaryum

Characteristics

Shrub or tree (2-)3−7(-15) m; bark smooth, grey to brown. Branches slender, tips puberulous, glabrescent. Leaves oblong to elliptic, sometimes subobovately so, apex shortly (c. 1 cm) obtusely and rather suddenly acuminate, base cuneate, rarely almost rounded, slightly inequilateral, coriaceous, glabrous, often somewhat shining above, greyish-greenish-olivaceous in dry specimens, (8-)10-16 by (2.5-)3-8(-11)cm, midrib slightly impressed above, bold below, nerves 4-6(-7) pairs, rather straight-ascending, upper ones looping, a little raised on both faces, veins and veinlets forming a coarse reticulation which is slightly raised or obscure above, mostly indistinct beneath; petiole 1-1.5 cm by c. 2 mm. Inflorescences axillary, solitary or 2-3(-4) in a cluster, generally rather few-flowered, sparsely appressedly hairy; rachis slender, 0.3-1.5(-3) cm. Calyx lobes sub-ovate, blunt, ciliate, 1.5 mm. Petals greenish white, connate to a tube in their lower ¾ part, (4-)5-6(-7) by 2 mm in the ♂, and by c. 2.5 mm in the ♀ flowers. ♂ Flowers: Filaments 3 mm; anther cells oblong-ovate, 1.2-1.5 mm. Rudiment of ovary thick-cylindric, sparsely to subdensely hairy, on a broadened almost [glabrous subcrenu-late disk. ♀ Flowers (KERR 5832): Anther cells hardly 1 mm. Ovary ovoid, rather densely hairy especially at apex; style a little lateral, short; stigma small. Drupe in mature state ± oblongoid or ellipsoid, rarely subovoid-oblongoid, ± round in 0, 3-4(-5) by 2-2.7(-3) cm, apex and base roundish or ± attenuate, though apex even shortly apiculate or subrostrate especially in immature or empty drupes, green for a long time, finally becoming bluish-purplish or-blackish, smooth, i.e. ribs of the endocarp in the dry fruit merely showing as shallow grooves or low ribs, with one deeper apical lateral groove or flattish part opposite the lateral style rudiment; exocarp spon-gious-fibrous, 2-3(-4)mm; endocarp hard, 1-1.5 mm. Seed whitish, ovoid-acuminate.
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Shrubs or small trees, 1.5-8(-10) m tall. Bark gray; branchlets light olive green to light gray-brown, glabrous. Petiole 1-2 cm, stout; leaf blade shiny, olive green when dry, abaxially slightly light green and adaxially dark green when fresh, narrowly to broadly elliptic, 9-20(-25) × 4-10(-14) cm, leathery, glabrous, midvein abaxially conspicuously prominent, flat, adaxially conspicuous, slightly concave, lateral veins 5 or 6(-9) pairs, abaxially prominent, adaxially slightly prominent, reticulate veins inconspicuous, slender, base broadly cuneate or subrounded to oblique on one side. Plants polygamo-dioecious. Staminate flowers in dense interrupted short spikes, 7-8 mm, with short pedicel; sepals 5, broadly elliptic, ca. 2 mm, valvate, connate only at base, margin ciliate; corolla white, tubular, ca. 6 mm, slightly fleshy, glabrous, with 5 triangular lobes; lobes incurved; stamens 5, on corolla tube, filaments 3-4 mm; anthers ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm; ovary ca. 2.5 mm, pubescent. Pistillate or bisexual flowers few, in racemes on short peduncles; calyx lobes 5, ovate, ca. 2.5 mm, valvate; corolla tubular, ca. 6 mm, 5-lobed, lobes triangular; filaments ca. 4 mm; anthers ca. 0.5 mm; ovary broadly ovoid, glabrous; style hairy; stigma small, 3-lobed. Drupe changing from green to purple-black, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid, 3-4.5(-6) × 1.8-2.5 cm, with longitudinal ribs when dry, apex with a short mucro; exocarp 3-4 mm thick. Fl. Jan-Apr, fr. Mar-Oct.
A shrub or small tree. It grows 2-8 m tall. The leaves are shiny and light green underneath. They are oval and 9-20 cm long by 4-10 cm wide. Male and female flowers can be on separate trees. The fruit is fleshy and turns from green to purple or black as it matures. They are oval and 3-5 cm long by 2-3 cm wide.
Life form -
Growth form tree
Growth support climber
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 8.0
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Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Primary lowland rain-forest or dry evergreen forest, in mixed moist woods, woody ravines, scrub jungle, often near river-banks, rarely up to 1200 m.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in dense valley forests between 500-1,800 m above sea level.
Light -
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture -
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Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses. Kernel of drupe bitter, much liked by wild animals, apparently not eaten by natives.
Uses medicinal
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Beri-Beri (unspecified), Alcoholism (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
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Distribution

Gonocaryum lobbianum world distribution map, present in China, Iceland, Malaysia, and Thailand

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:434343-1
WFO ID wfo-0000706711
COL ID 6KQMP
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Lasianthera macrocarpa Platea griffithiana Platea lobbiana Gonocaryum griffithianum Gonocaryum harmandianum Gonocaryum lobbianum Gonocaryum maclurei Gonocaryum pavieanum Gonocaryum siamense Gonocaryum subrostratum Gonocaryum wallichii Phlebocalymna griffithiana Phlebocalymna lobbiana Stemonurus macrocarpus