Gossypium barbadense L.

Creole cotton (en), Cotonnier (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Gossypium

Characteristics

Subshrubs or shrubs, perennial, 2-3 m tall, hairy or only hairy on petiole and veins on abaxial surface. Branchlets dark purple, angular. Stipules lanceolate-falcate, ca. 10 mm, usually caducous; petiole longer than leaf blade, with black glandular spots; leaf blade 3-5-lobed, 7-12 cm in diam., lobes ovate, oblong, oblong-lanceolate, or obovate, more than 1/2 as long as blade, central lobe longer, lateral lobes usually extending, base cordate, apex long acuminate. Flowers terminal or axillary. Pedicel usually shorter than petiole, stellate villous, with black glandular spots. Epicalyx lobes 5 or more, free, broadly ovate, 3.5-5 cm, base rounded-cordate, 10-15-toothed, teeth 3-4 × as long as wide. Calyx cup-shaped, truncate, with black glandular spots. Corolla pale yellow, purple or crimson in center, funnelform; petals 5-8 cm, stellate villous abaxially. Staminal column 3.5-4 cm, glabrous; filaments closely appressed, upper ones longer. Capsule 3(or 4)-celled, oblong to oblong-ovoid, 3-7 cm, with obvious glandular spots abaxially, base larger, apex acute to beaked. Seeds black and smooth when hair fallen, free or aggregated, ovoid, ca. 8 mm, beaked, with white wool and easily detached short fuzz on one or both tips. Fl. summer-autumn.
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Suffrutex, annual, or shrub, perennial, 1-4 m tall, the branches usually glabres-cent to sometimes densely grayish-pubescent. Leaves long-petiolate, the stipules early or tardily caducous, the blade cordate at the, base, usually deeply 3-lobed and often with 1 or 2 shorter, basal lobes, the lobes deltoid-ovate, with the sinuses often plicate and long-acuminate at the apex, entire-margined, usually 5(-7)-pal-minerved, mostly glabrescent to sometimes densely grayish-pubescent when young. Flowers large, the epicalyx of 3 bractlets, these usually shorter than the corolla, almost as long as broad, cordate at the base, laciniate with few, long, lance-subulate teeth at the apex, persistent; calyx truncate or shallowly 5-denticulate; corolla 3.5-5.5 cm long, pale yellow, turning pink or red; staminal tube about half as long as the corolla, filamentiferous nearly throughout, the filaments all of about the same length. Capsule ovoid, caudate-acuminate, normally 3-locular, usually 3-6 cm long, the surface coarsely pitted, with black, oil glands in the pits; seeds free, with a copious and even coat of lint, with or without a coat of fuzz, sometimes fuzzy at one or both ends.
A shrub which keeps growing from year to year. Often it is grown as an annual. It is 1-3 m high. The stems are purplish. The leaves have 3-5 lobes. The flowers are at the ends of branches. They are yellow but change to reddish purple. They are surrounded by a bract which has 3 toothed lobes. The seeds are small and oval. The seeds have large amounts of lint.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.5 - 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical and subtropical plant. In China it is grown in frost free areas below 800 m altitude. It suits seasonally moist and dry climates. It suits hardiness zones 10-12. In Yunnan.
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Not known in the wild
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The oil from the seeds is used in salads, canned foods or manufactured into margarine. The seeds are ground into flour and used in bakery products. The leaves are eaten.
Uses environmental use fiber fodder food fuel gene source material medicinal oil ornamental poison social use
Edible leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Menorrhagia (leaf), Anti-infective agents (root), Galactogogues (root), Menstruation-inducing agents (root), Antipyretics (seed), Back pain (seed), Dysentery (seed), Hiccup (seed), Skin diseases (seed), Snake bites (seed), Abortifacient (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Emollient (unspecified), Lactagogue (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Tumor(Lymphatic) (unspecified), Vulnerary (unspecified), Brain (unspecified), Demulcent (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Lactogogue (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Nervine (unspecified), Soap (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Antitubercular agents (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 32
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Gossypium barbadense leaf picture by Espinoza-Zevallos Marco Elías (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Gossypium barbadense flower picture by christiane Sylvestre (cc-by-sa)
Gossypium barbadense flower picture by Barrera Rodríguez Rodrigo Rubén (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Gossypium barbadense fruit picture by Sylvain Piry (cc-by-sa)
Gossypium barbadense fruit picture by Espinoza-Zevallos Marco Elías (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Gossypium barbadense world distribution map, present in Anguilla, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Brunei Darussalam, Chile, China, Cameroon, Cook Islands, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Ecuador, Spain, Fiji, Micronesia (Federated States of), Gabon, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Equatorial Guinea, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Libya, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Morocco, Maldives, Mexico, Marshall Islands, Myanmar, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Nicaragua, Niue, Nepal, Nauru, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Russian Federation, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, and South Africa

Conservation status

Gossypium barbadense threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:559677-1
WFO ID wfo-0000707843
COL ID 6KS3B
BDTFX ID 126608
INPN ID 447302
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Gossypium barbadense f. darwinii Gossypium cambayense Gossypium guyanense Gossypium maritimum Gossypium microcarpum Gossypium multiglandulosum Gossypium nankin Gossypium niveum Gossypium pallens Gossypium pedatum Gossypium perenne Gossypium peruvianum Gossypium pubescens Gossypium suffruticosum Gossypium teleium Gossypium tenax Gossypium trichospermum Gossypium rupestre Gossypium sarmentosum Gossypium auritum Gossypium brasiliense Gossypium calycotum Gossypium fruticulosum Gossypium fuscum Gossypium glabrum Gossypium isabelum Gossypium javanicum Gossypium jumelianum Gossypium nigrum Gossypium quinacre Gossypium racemosum Gossypium religiosum Gossypium speciosum Gossypium versicolor Gossypium virgatum Gossypium vitifolium Hibiscus barbadensis Gossypium vaupellii Neogossypium barbadense Gossypium barbadense f. eggersii Gossypium lapideum Hibiscus fruticulosus Gossypium acuminatum Gossypium evertum Gossypium frutescens Gossypium barbadense var. apospermum Gossypium barbadense var. brasiliense Gossypium barbadense var. caravonicum Gossypium barbadense var. cayanense Gossypium barbadense var. maritimum Gossypium barbadense subsp. microcarpum Gossypium barbadense var. microcarpum Gossypium barbadense var. pedatum Gossypium barbadense var. peruvianum Gossypium barbadense subsp. peruvianum Gossypium barbadense subsp. racemosum Gossypium barbadense var. rufum Gossypium barbadense subsp. sprucei Gossypium barbadense subsp. vitifolium Gossypium brasiliense var. apospermum Gossypium guyanense var. brasiliense Gossypium peruvianum var. apospermum Gossypium peruvianum var. brasiliense Gossypium peruvianum var. braziliense Gossypium peruvianum var. glabrum Gossypium peruvianum var. nigrum Gossypium peruvianum subsp. nigrum Gossypium peruvianum subsp. racemosum Gossypium peruvianum var. racemosum Gossypium peruvianum var. sprucei Gossypium peruvianum subsp. sprucei Gossypium arboreum subsp. perenne Gossypium barbadense subsp. darwinii Gossypium barbadense var. acuminatum Gossypium barbadense var. vitifolium Gossypium frutescens var. maritimum Gossypium herbaceum var. vitifolium Gossypium maritimum var. polycarpum Gossypium barbadense f. casimiranum Gossypium barbadense f. maritimum Gossypium barbadense f. suffruticosum Gossypium barbadense f. vitifolium Gossypium jamaicense f. fruticulosum Gossypium hirsutum var. panamicum Gossypium barbadense var. barbadense Hibiscus barbadensis f. oligospermus Gossypium barbadense var. integrum Gossypium lapideum subsp. acuminatum Gossypium lapideum subsp. brasiliense Gossypium guyanense var. braziliense Gossypium peruvianum var. brasiliense Gossypium rohrianum Gossypium virens Gossypium barbadense