Gossypium hirsutum L.

Upland cotton (en), Cotonnier (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Gossypium

Characteristics

Herbs, annual, 0.6-1.5 m tall. Branchlets sparsely villous. Stipules ovate-falcate, 5-8 mm, caducous; petiole 3-14 cm, pilose; leaf blade broadly ovate, 3(-5)-lobed, 5-12 cm in diam., lobes broadly triangular to ovate-orbicular, base broad, central lobe usually 1/2 as long as leaf blade, abaxially sparsely villous, adaxially nearly glabrous, scabrously hairy on veins, base cordate or cordate-truncate, apex acuminate. Flowers solitary, axillary. Pedicel usually slightly shorter than petiole. Epicalyx lobes 3, free, to 4 × 2.5 cm (including teeth), hirsute and ciliate with long hairs, base cordate, with 1 gland, 7-9-toothed near apex, teeth 3 or 4 × as long as wide. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-lobed, lobes triangular, ciliate. Corolla white or yellowish, fading to reddish or purple, funnelform; petals 4-5.5 × 3.5-4.5 cm. Staminal column 1-2 cm; filaments lax, upper ones longer. Capsule 3-or 4-celled, ovoid, 3.5-5 cm, apex beaked. Seeds free, ovoid, with white wool and gray-white moderately persistent short fuzz. Fl. summer-autumn.
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Plants 1–2 m, usually widely branching. Stems terete, stellate-hairy. Leaves: stipules subulate to falcate, 5–15(–20) mm; petiole terete, 1/2 to as long as blade; blade shallowly 3–5-lobed, lobes broadly ovate, 4–10 cm, membranous, base cordate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous or hairy. Inflorescences: flowers usually sympodial. Pedicels 2–4 cm, with 3-merous involucellar nectaries; involucellar bractlets persistent, foliaceous (enclosing bud), broadly cordate-ovate, 2–4.5 cm, margins laciniate. Flowers: calyx 5–6 mm (excluding teeth, if present), apex truncate or 5-toothed; petals cream, with or without red spot, 2–5 cm; staminal column 15 mm, glabrous; style somewhat exceeding androecium; stigmas 3–5. Capsules 3–5-locular, broadly ovoid or subglobose, 2–4 cm, smooth, glabrous. Seeds 8–10 mm, comose, hairs (cotton) usually white. 2n = 52.
An annual herb. It grows 0.6-1.5 cm high. The leaf blade has 3 lobes. The leaf blade is 5-12 cm across. The lobes are broad and oval. The lobes are less than half the leaf length. The flowers occur singly in the axils of leaves. The flowers are white or yellow becoming red or purple. They are 2.5-3 cm across. The fruit is a capsule 3.5-5 cm across. It has 3-4 cells. The seeds are oval and white and woolly. The seeds are covered with very long seed hairs called cotton.
Lvs orbicular in outline, with 3–5 entire triangular lobes, cordate at base; fls white, the pet 5–7 cm; 2n=52. Native of C. Amer., cult. in s. U.S. and often appearing in our range as a waif along railways from the south.
Cultivated and subspontaneous.
Life form
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.05 - 0.12
Mature height (meter) 1.4 - 1.8
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.4
Root diameter (meter) 0.7
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It is widely cultivated in China. It needs an average, well-drained soil. It needs full sun. It suits hardiness zones 9-12.
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Not known
Light 5-7
Soil humidity 5-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 5-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Oil is extracted from the seeds and used in cooking and salads. It is also used to make margarine. The seeds are use as food after the toxic substance gossypol is removed. Some kinds can be eaten without treatment. Young fruit are eaten.
Uses animal food environmental use fiber fodder food fuel gene source material medicinal oil poison
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use Antifungal agents (leaf), Menstrual cycle (root), Antifungal agents (seed), Contraceptive agents (seed), Emollients (seed), Memory disorders (seed), Menstruation-inducing agents (seed), Anti-bacterial agents (stem), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Analgesic (unspecified), Chest-Cold (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Flu (unspecified), Lactogogue (unspecified), Oxytoxic (unspecified), Soap (unspecified), Ache(Ear) (unspecified), Bacteriostat (unspecified), Liniment (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Anti-infective agents (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Wound healing (unspecified), Anesthesia (whole plant), Anti-infective agents (whole plant), Atherosclerosis (whole plant), Hypercholesterolemia (whole plant), Mastitis, bovine (whole plant)
Human toxicity toxic (unknown strength) (seed), toxic (unknown strength) (bark)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 14
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 36
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Gossypium hirsutum habit picture by Michael B. (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Gossypium hirsutum leaf picture by marques cristiano (cc-by-sa)
Gossypium hirsutum leaf picture by JP Corrêa Carvalho (cc-by-sa)
Gossypium hirsutum leaf picture by Léo Léo (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Gossypium hirsutum flower picture by Elly Hutchinson (cc-by-sa)
Gossypium hirsutum flower picture by Americia Kowalski (cc-by-sa)
Gossypium hirsutum flower picture by Mauricio León Carreño (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Gossypium hirsutum fruit picture by julie chamayou (cc-by-sa)
Gossypium hirsutum fruit picture by Daniel Lucas (cc-by-sa)
Gossypium hirsutum fruit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Gossypium hirsutum world distribution map, present in French Southern Territories, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Benin, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Bhutan, Central African Republic, China, Cameroon, Colombia, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Spain, Guadeloupe, Guinea-Bissau, Greece, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Italy, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Myanmar, Mozambique, Martinique, Nicaragua, Nepal, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Russian Federation, Sudan, El Salvador, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, Seychelles, Turks and Caicos Islands, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Minor Outlying Islands, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Gossypium hirsutum threat status: Vulnerable

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30042843-2
WFO ID wfo-0000707931
COL ID 3H4C5
BDTFX ID 84195
INPN ID 447303
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Gossypium hirsutum f. jamaicense Gossypium hirsutum f. punctatum Gossypium hirsutum f. cavelsenii Gossypium hirsutum f. prostratum Gossypium cavanillesianum Gossypium divaricatum Gossypium harrisii Gossypium oligospermum Gossypium palmeri Gossypium parvifolium Gossypium prostratum Gossypium tomentosum Gossypium schottii Gossypium birkinshawii Gossypium caespitosum Gossypium jamaicense Gossypium janiphifolium Gossypium lanceolatum Gossypium marie-galante Gossypium nervosum Gossypium nicaraguense Gossypium purpurascens Gossypium rhorii Gossypium rufum Gossypium sandvicense Gossypium sericatum Gossypium volubile Hibiscus deciduus Hibiscus oligospermus Hibiscus purpurascens Xylon religiosum Hibiscus religiosus Gossypium mexicanum Gossypium punctatum Gossypium religiosum Gossypium latifolium f. pseudoracemosum Gossypium barbadense var. marie-galante Gossypium hirsutum var. album Gossypium hirsutum subsp. archetypicum Gossypium hirsutum var. chacoense Gossypium hirsutum var. colombianum Gossypium hirsutum var. macrocarpa Gossypium hirsutum var. marie-galante Gossypium hirsutum var. mexicanum Gossypium hirsutum subsp. mustelinum Gossypium hirsutum var. nervosum Gossypium hirsutum var. pellitum Gossypium hirsutum var. uliginosum Gossypium hirsutum var. volubile Gossypium latifolium var. archetypicum Gossypium latifolium var. paniculatum Gossypium latifolium var. prostratum Gossypium latifolium var. pseudovolubile Gossypium latifolium var. tricuspidatum Gossypium punctatum var. jamaica Gossypium barbadense var. hirsutum Gossypium herbaceum var. hirsutum Gossypium herbaceum var. religiosum Gossypium hirsutum subsp. caespitosum Gossypium hirsutum subsp. latifolium Gossypium hirsutum subsp. mexicanum Gossypium hirsutum subsp. prostratum Gossypium hirsutum subsp. punctatum Gossypium hirsutum var. lanceolatum Gossypium hirsutum var. punctatum Gossypium hirsutum var. religiosum Gossypium hirsutum var. schottii Gossypium nigrum var. punctatum Gossypium punctatum var. jamaicense Gossypium punctatum var. prostratum Gossypium purpurascens var. punctatum Gossypium tricuspidatum var. jamaicense Gossypium tricuspidatum var. oligospermum Xylon hirsutum Gossypium hirsutum f. atrocoloratum Gossypium hirsutum f. berlandieri Gossypium hirsutum f. cearense Gossypium hirsutum f. gaumeri Gossypium hirsutum f. guatemaltequense Gossypium hirsutum f. mustelinum Gossypium hirsutum f. pollardii Gossypium latifolium f. cearense Gossypium latifolium Gossypium tridens Gossypium hirsutum f. mexicanum Gossypium hirsutum f. palmeri Gossypium hirsutum f. schottii Gossypium jamaicense f. janiphifolium Gossypium jamaicense f. lanceolatum Gossypium peruvianum f. marie-galante Gossypium barbadense var. hirsutum Gossypium hirsutum

Lower taxons

Gossypium hirsutum var. taitense