Grevillea banksii R.Br.

Kahiliflower (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Proteales > Proteaceae > Grevillea

Characteristics

A tall shrub or slender tree (1.5-)3-8 m; crown lax; branches and inflorescences softly ferrugineous-tomentose. Leaves coriaceous, deeply 1-pinnatifid or 1-pinnate (but here and there a small leaf undivided) with 3-11 broadly linear to lanceolate segments, obtuse or mucronate, with recurved margins, glabrous above, ferrugineous-silky underneath, the whole leaf 10-25 cm long incl. the petiole 3-5 cm, segments 5-10 by 1/5-2/3 cm, midrib prominent, nerves pinnate, rather obscure. Racemes terminal, erect, dense, secund, 5-10 cm, solitary or 2-3 on a terminal leafless peduncle. Flowers yellowish or almost white, then yellowish near the top, sometimes greenish or red. Pedicels tomentose as is the rhachis, (4-)6-8(-10) mm. Perianth tomentose outside, glabrous inside, tube 13-20 by 3-4 mm, contracted under the limb, the segments finally revolute. Torus transverse or nearly so. Disk prominent, semi-annular, ± lobed. Ovary sessile, densely villous; style ± 2.5 cm at anthesis, accrescent up to 5 cm, glabrous, clavate under the very oblique or laterally convex disklike stigma. Fruit obliquely ovoid, compressed, almost acute, 1.5-2.5 cm long. Seeds narrowly winged.
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Bushy to spindly erect shrub or slender tree, 2-10 m high, or rarely a prostrate to sprawling shrub. Leaves 8-30 cm long, pinnatipartite (rarely the odd leaf entire); lobes 4-12, narrowly elliptic to linear, 5-18 cm long, 5-15 mm wide, not pungent; margins shortly recurved or revolute; lower surface usually mostly exposed, subsericeous to subvillous. Conflorescence simple or few-branched; unit conflorescence erect, ±cylindrical, irregular to subsynchronous; floral rachis 50-120 (-200?) mm long. Flower colour: perianth creamy white or bright scarlet to crimson, rarely pink to apricot with a yellow limb; style usually matching perianth in colour, rarely much paler. Perianth open-tomentose to shortly pilose outside with both biramous and simple erect hairs. Pistil 32-50 mm long; style sometimes with biramous hairs for up to 4 mm above ovary, otherwise glabrous, lacking a dorsal hump immediately below style-end. Follicle 15-25 mm long, tomentose with biramous hairs mostly replaced by erect simple glandular hairs as fruit matures.
A shrub or small tree. It grows 2.4-9 m high. It can spread to 2 m wide. The small branches and flowers have a soft brown covering over them. Some coastal forms almost lie along the ground. The leaf stalk is 3-5 cm long. The leaf blade is 7-20 cm long and deeply divided. There are 3-11 segments and these are 50-100 mm long by 4-7 mm wide. The edges curve back. They are brown and silky underneath. The flowering racemes are at the ends and 5-13 cm long. They occur either singly or as 2 or 3 in a group. The flowers are red. The fruit is oval but not straight. It is 1.5-2 cm long and hairy. The seeds have narrow wings.
A tall, erect, open shrub up to 8 m tall, but with prostrate, creeping and bushy variants. Leaves up to 250 mm long, green above, with grey, silky hairs below, deeply incised into 5-11 lobes. Flowerhead terminal or axillary at the tips of branches, 100 mm long, a cylindrical raceme. Perianth pinkish red, hairy on outer surfaces. Style 40 mm long, red, with a yellow, disc-like pollen presenter. Flowers : All year.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 2.5 - 8.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A subtropical species. It grows in warm temperate regions. It is cultivated in S China as an ornamental below 100 m altitude. It needs well drained soils. It suits dry limy soils. It can stand light frost. It suits hardiness zones 9-11. In Townsville Anderson BG.
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Grows in various habitats, usually in woodland or open forest, usually on flatter sites in sandy soils but sometimes in heath or on rocky slopes.
Found in various habitats, usually in woodland or open forest, usually on flatter sites in sandy soils but sometimes in heath or on rocky slopes.
Light 4-7
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

CAUTION: There are poisonous hairs on the ovaries of the flowers. These can cause a skin rash.
Uses environmental use fuel material poison wood
Edible nectars
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. The seeds grow easily and can remain viable for a couple of years. It produces chemicals which stop plants near it from growing.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 20 - 25
Germination temperacture (C°) 23 - 26
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Grevillea banksii leaf picture by Someone Mathieu (cc-by-sa)
Grevillea banksii leaf picture by Skyler (cc-by-sa)
Grevillea banksii leaf picture by Gi Gillian (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Grevillea banksii flower picture by Skyler (cc-by-sa)
Grevillea banksii flower picture by Shai Kima (cc-by-sa)
Grevillea banksii flower picture by peter.banksii (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Grevillea banksii fruit picture by peter.banksii (cc-by-sa)
Grevillea banksii fruit picture by Bernard REYNAUD (cc-by-sa)
Grevillea banksii fruit picture by Hugo SANTACREU (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Grevillea banksii world distribution map, present in Australia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Fiji, Honduras, Iceland, Madagascar, Mexico, Mozambique, Montserrat, Mauritius, Malaysia, Philippines, Réunion, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Grevillea banksii threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:703712-1
WFO ID wfo-0000708973
COL ID 3HCKC
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 445908
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Stylurus banksii Grevillea forsteri Grevillea banksii f. albiflora Grevillea banksii