Grewia occidentalis L.

Pink donkeyberry (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Grewia

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree up to 3 m tall with rather slender glabrescent branchlets. Leaf-blade 20-40(-50) x 10-20(-30) mm, lanceolate, rhomboid-lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, acute or rounded at the apex, subcuneate, rounded, or slightly cordate at the base, glabrous or slightly stellate-pubescent on both sides, crenate or crenate-dentate, rather thin-textured; petiole up to 13 mm long, glabrescent; stipules up to 4 mm long, linear, pubescent, caducous. Inflorescences leaf-opposed, 1(-3)-flowered; peduncles up to 15 mm long, slender, glabrescent; pedicels similar, up to 12 mm long. Sepals up to 7.5 mm long, linear-oblong, pubescent and greenish outside, purplish or pink inside. Petals purple, mauve, pinkish or very rarely white, up to 14 mm long, oblong-lanceolate, with a basal nectariferous claw circumvillous within, ledged above and 1 mm tall. Androgynophore glabrous below for 1 mm, prolonged above into a densely pubescent portion up to 3 mm long. Ovary densely hairy, 4-lobed; style up to 10 mm long, glabrous; stigma-lobes broad. Fruit up to 25 mm in diam., 4-lobed, shining, glabrescent, reddish purple, somewhat fleshy.
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Tree or shrub, up to 3 m high; branches slender, glabrescent. Leaves thin-textured, lanceolate to ovate-or rhomboid-lanceolate, base subcuneate to rounded, apex acute, margins crenate-dentate. Inflorescences leaf-opposed; peduncles up to 15 mm long, slender, glabrescent. Flowers ± 14 mm long, purple, mauve, pinkish or white. Sepals linear-oblong, up to 17.5 mm long, greenish outside, pink inside. Petals shorter than sepals. Androgynophore with basal glabrous portion ± 1 mm long, prolonged into densely pubescent portion up to 3 mm long. Flowering time Dec.-May. Fruit reddish purple, ± 25 mm in diam., 4-lobed, somewhat fleshy.
A scrambling shrub. It grows up to 6 m tall. The stems are flexible. They become four angled with age. The leaves are 2-8 cm long by 1.3-4 cm wide. The leaves are sword shaped. They have irregular blunt teeth along the edge. The flowers are pink to red. They are 2.5 cm across. Flowers occur as 1-3 together on slender stalks opposite the leaf. The fruit have 4 lobes. They are 2.5 cm across. The fruit is purple when ripe. Each lobe contains one seed. The fruit is edible.
Leaf-lamina 2–7·5 × 1·5–4 cm., lanceolate, rhombic-lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, acute or rounded at the apex, margin crenate or crenate-dentate, subcuneate or rounded or slightly cordate at the base, glabrous or slightly pubescent on both surfaces, rather thin-textured; petiole up to 1·3 cm. long, glabrescent; stipules up to 4 mm. long, linear, pubescent, caducous.
Small tree or shrub, 3 m high. Leaves thin-textured, not discolorous, not glossy above, margin finely crenate-dentate. Fruit 4-lobed, brownish to purplish black. Flowers purple, mauve, pinkish or rarely white.
Petals purple, mauve, pinkish or very rarely white, up to 14 mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, with a basal nectariferous claw 1 mm. long circumvillous within and ledged above.
Shrub or small tree to 3 m. Leaves glabrescent, lanceolate, toothed. Flowers usually solitary opposite leaves, purple and pink or white. Fruits 4-lobed, reddish.
Inflorescences leaf-opposed, 1–3-flowered; peduncles slender, up to 15 mm. long, glabrescent; pedicels similar, up to 12 mm. long.
Androgynophore glabrous below for 1 mm. prolonged above into a densely pubescent portion up to 3 mm. long.
Shrub or small tree (rarely climbing) up to 3 m. tall with rather slender glabrescent branchlets.
Sepals up to 18 mm. long, linear-oblong, pubescent and greenish outside, purplish or pink inside.
Fruit reddish-purple, up to 2–5 cm. in diam., 4-lobed, shining, glabrescent, somewhat fleshy.
Ovary 4-lobed, densely hairy; style up to 10 mm. long, glabrous; stigma-lobes broad.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.75 - 2.25
Mature height (meter) 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A tropical plant. It is common in forest and scrub. It grows in areas with modest rainfall. It grows from sea level to 1500 m altitude in South Africa. In Zimbabwe it grows above 1,400 m above sea level. Plants can grow in the sun or partial shade. It needs fertile, well-drained soil. It can tolerate frost. It suits hardiness zones 9-11. In Brisbane Botanical Gardens.
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A climbing plant in closed forest; a shrub or small tree at forest edges and in forest relics; in the wetter areas. Found in a variety of habitats ranging from arid karoo, coastal dune bush, evergreen montane forest and wooded grasslands.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The ripe fruit are eaten raw. The juice is used fresh or fermented. They are also cooked in milk to make a drink.
Uses environmental use food material medicinal wood
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use Boil (unspecified), Wound (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from seed. Seeds germinate easily and plants transplant easily. Plants can also be grown from cuttings or layering.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Grewia occidentalis leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Grewia occidentalis leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Grewia occidentalis flower picture by Ron K (cc-by-sa)
Grewia occidentalis flower picture by Ron K (cc-by-sa)
Grewia occidentalis flower picture by Stewart Gibson (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Grewia occidentalis world distribution map, present in Lesotho, Mozambique, Saudi Arabia, eSwatini, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Grewia occidentalis threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:834417-1
WFO ID wfo-0000710147
COL ID 3HDFR
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 448523
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Grewia chirindae Grewia occidentalis Grewia trinervis Grewia ulmifolia Grewia seringeana Grewia obtusifolia Grewia microphylla