Guaiacum sanctum L.

Holywood lignum vitae (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Zygophyllales > Zygophyllaceae > Guaiacum

Characteristics

Trees, 2.5–10 m; trunk sometimes to 1 m diam.; bark scaly; branches many, spreading, smooth; crown dense, rounded. Leaves opposite, (4–)6–10 cm, not folded at night; stipules usually deciduous, ovate, 3 mm, apex acuminate, usually mucronulate, hairy; petiole shorter than leaflets; leaflets (4–)6–8(–10), green, elliptic to obliquely oblong or obovate, 20–35 × 8–15 mm, apex rounded, subcoriaceous. Pedicels glabrous. Flowers appearing terminal, solitary to several in axils of upper leaves, 2–3 cm diam.; sepals 4–5, obovate, 5–7 mm, outer smaller; petals 4–5, blue, obovate, 7–11 × 5–7 mm, base clawed, apex rounded to lobed; stamens 8–10, ± as long as petals; filaments subulate to base slightly winged; ovary 4–5-lobed, 4–5-locular, obovoid, glabrous; style subulate. Capsules becoming greenish yellow to bright orange, obovoid, 14–20 × 12–14 mm, 4–5-lobed, 4–5-winged, apex pointed, smooth, glabrous. Seeds brown or black, ellipsoid, 10–11 mm.
More
A tree.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support -
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 6.0 - 9.1
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.9
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Lowland, deciduous, tropical forest, where it is largely confined to dry, exposed sites, and is often the predominant species and where the soil is very dry at least part of the year at elevations from around sea level to 700 metres.
More
It is a tropical plant.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 5-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The wood and resin are used as a spice and flavouring.
Uses environmental use material medicinal oil ornamental poison spice tea wood
Edible -
Therapeutic use Alterative (unspecified), Breast (unspecified), Cancer(Breast) (unspecified), Diaphoretic (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Gout (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Spleen (unspecified), Syphilis (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified), Apertif (unspecified), Back (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Scrofula (unspecified), Sprain (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Venereal (unspecified), Aphrodisiac (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 22 - 28
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Guaiacum sanctum leaf picture by Molina Adrian (cc-by-sa)
Guaiacum sanctum leaf picture by SINAC Pérez Greivin (cc-by-sa)
Guaiacum sanctum leaf picture by sosno (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Guaiacum sanctum flower picture by SINAC Pérez Greivin (cc-by-sa)
Guaiacum sanctum flower picture by SINAC Pérez Greivin (cc-by-sa)
Guaiacum sanctum flower picture by chuc ariel (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Guaiacum sanctum world distribution map, present in Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bahamas, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, El Salvador, Turks and Caicos Islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and United States of America

Conservation status

Guaiacum sanctum threat status: Near Threatened

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:873256-1
WFO ID wfo-0000710683
COL ID 3HHVJ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Guaiacum guatemalense Guaiacum multijugum Guaiacum parvifolium Guaiacum sloanei Guaiacum verticale Guaiacum sanctum