Guizotia abyssinica Cass.

Ramtilla (en), Niger (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Guizotia

Characteristics

Annuals. Stems 30-50 cm to 1-2 m tall, subglabrous, ± pilose above. Leaves sessile (lower petiolate), oblong-ovate or lanceolate, ± shortly hairy abaxially, especially along veins, glabrous adaxially, base semiamplexicaul, apex acuminate. Capitula 2-6 cm in diam., on long or sometimes short pubescent peduncles; outer phyllaries leaflike, ovate, herbaceous, inner narrower, paleaceous or scarious. Ray florets with short tube and 3-lobed lamina, pubescent or only at base of lamina and in lower part. Disk florets tubular, pubescent as in ray florets, 5-lobed. Outer achenes triquetrous, inner ± 4-angled, 3-6 × 1.5-3 mm, obpyramidal, in transverse section subrhombic or triangular, brown or black, with thin pericarp.
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Annual herb (0.3–) 1–2 m high, ± glabrous to hairy; stems to 10 (–15) mm diam. Leaves narrowly ovate to obovate, (45–) 60–200 mm long, (10–) 20–50 mm wide, mostly toothed, rarely entire, stem-clasping. Capitula long-pedunculate, few to many, 10–15 mm diam. excluding rays, 15–25 (–40) mm diam. including rays; involucral bracts sparsely and minutely hairy; outer bracts 5 or 6, broadly ovate, cochleate or cucullate, rarely lanceolate, erect and enclosing inner bracts; inner bracts obovate, white with longitudinal purple stripes. Ray florets yellow; ligules elliptic, 11–15 mm long. Achenes 4–6 mm long, brown or black (silvery grey when immature).
Annual herb 1–2 m high, erect; stems often purplish, pilose to glabrous.. Leaves sessile, subconnate-perfoliate, lanceolate to oblanceolate, 10–15 cm long, 2–6 cm wide, base truncate to cordate, margins entire to serrate, apex acute, scabrid on both surfaces, with sessile glands.. Capitula in terminal few-headed cymes; stalks of individual capitula 2–12 cm long; involucre 7–10(–32) mm long, the outer phyllaries foliaceous, pilose, the inner scarious; paleae 5–9 mm long, 5-veined.. Ray florets yellow, 6–8(–15), tube 1–2.8 mm long, ray 8–14(–21) mm long; disc florets many, yellow, 4–5.5 mm long.. Achenes 3.5–5.7 mm long; pappus absent.
Annual herb 1-2 m high, erect; stems often purplish, pilose to glabrous. Leaves sessile, subconnate-perfoliate, lanceolate to oblanceolate, 10-15 cm long, 2-6 cm wide, base truncate to cordate, margins entire to serrate, apex acute, scabrid on both surfaces, with sessile glands. Capitula in terminal few-headed cymes; stalks of individual capitula 2-12 cm long; involucre 7-10(-32) mm long, the outer phyllaries foliaceous, pilose, the inner scarious; paleae 5-9 mm long, 5-veined. Ray florets yellow, 6-8(-15), tube 1.0-2.8 mm long, ray 8-14(-21) mm long; disc florets many, yellow, 4.0-5.5 mm long. Achenes 3.5-5.7 mm long; pappus absent.
An erect branched herb. It grows 30-180 cm tall. The stems are soft and hairy. The leaves are usually carried opposite one another. The leaves do not have stalks and they clasp the stem. The leaves have teeth along the edge and the surface is a little rough. The flower head is made up of many small flowers each capable of producing a seed. The fruit (called seeds) are black angled structures. They are up to 12 mm long. The seed inside is 3.5-5 mm long. There are about 250-300 seeds per gram.
Scabrous or subglabrous annual to 1 m; lvs sessile and clasping, lance-oblong, acuminate, serrate, to 10 × 3 cm; heads several or many, the disk 1.5 cm wide; outer invol bracts ca 5, ovate or obovate; rays 8–13, broad, 1.5–2 cm; 2n=30. Native of trop. Afr., occasionally adventive in waste places in our range. Sept., Oct.
Annual herb, up to 2 m high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrate to subentire, sessile, amplexicaul, glandular hairy. Pappus absent. Flowers yellow.
Receptacular paleae 5–7+ mm. Ray corolla laminae 8–14+ mm. Disc corollas 4–5 mm. Cypselae 4–5 mm. 2n = 30 (from India).
Numerous heads of bright yellow flowers 1-11/2 in. across.
A nearly glabrous shrubby herb up to about 4 ft. high
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.11 - 1.9
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is grown in both temperate and tropical zones. It can compete well with weeds. It has some salt tolerance. The temperatures are between 16°C and 20°C where Niger does best. It cannot tolerate temperatures above 28°C average and must have temperatures above 6°C. In Africa it grows between 300 and 2300 m altitude but does best at 1800-2000 m altitude in Ethiopia. The rainfall is 100-1300 mm per year where it grows most. At lower altitudes a lower rainfall is satisfactory if it is spread through the growing season. It grows on a wide range of soils. It can grow on poorly drained soils. It needs short day lengths for flowering. In Nepal it grows between 900-2000 m altitude. It grows in open places. It can grow in arid places. Tasmania Herbarium. In Sichuan and Yunnan.
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Open waste places in montane situations in west Africa. Casual on tips and waste ground near oil mills, and as a bird-seed alien, in Britain.
Usually in wetter situations, sometimes a minor weed of crops, at altitudes from sea level to at least 250 m.
Casual on tips and waste ground near oil mills, and as a bird-seed alien, in Britain.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-12

Usage

The seeds can be fried and used as snacks. They are also used in sauces. They are also used for chutney and pickles. The seed cake is mixed with honey to make a sweet bread. The seed oil is edible. It is used in cooking.
Uses animal food environmental use fodder food fuel gene source green manure invertebrate food material medicinal oil
Edible leaves seeds
Therapeutic use Antirheumatic agents (seed), Burns (seed), Metabolism (seed), Scabies (seed), Wounds and injuries (seed), Adulterant (unspecified), Soap (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is grown from seed. It is often sown mixed with finger millet. Seeds can be broadcast or planted in rows. 10-15 kg of seed per hectare are used for broadcast crops. When planted in rows 5-8 kg per hecatre of seed are used. Fertilisers do not improve seed yield much. As petals drop, seeds are harvested to avoid seed loss. Stems are cut near the ground, then dried for a few days before threshing.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 18 - 26
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Guizotia abyssinica habit picture by Gilles Istin (cc-by-sa)
Guizotia abyssinica habit picture by Karlheinz Roch (cc-by-sa)
Guizotia abyssinica habit picture by Gilles Istin (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Guizotia abyssinica leaf picture by Jani Zadrgal (cc-by-sa)
Guizotia abyssinica leaf picture by Fabien Perain (cc-by-sa)
Guizotia abyssinica leaf picture by Chris aka Die-Navigatoren (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Guizotia abyssinica flower picture by armand matocq (cc-by-sa)
Guizotia abyssinica flower picture by Juliette Cavelan (cc-by-sa)
Guizotia abyssinica flower picture by cledps (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Guizotia abyssinica world distribution map, present in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bangladesh, Brazil, Bhutan, Canada, China, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Germany, Eritrea, Spain, Ethiopia, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Croatia, India, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Myanmar, Netherlands, Nepal, Poland, Portugal, Réunion, Russian Federation, Slovenia, Uganda, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:210735-1
WFO ID wfo-0000095153
COL ID 3HLGN
BDTFX ID 30657
INPN ID 100596
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Anthemis mysorensis Polymnia frondosa Buphthalmum ramtilla Polymnia abyssinica Parthenium luteum Helianthus oleifer Jaegeria abyssinica Heliopsis platyglossa Tetragonotheca abyssinica Verbesina sativa Guizotia oleifera Verbesina sativa Guizotia abyssinica var. abyssinica Guizotia oleifera subsp. oleifera Ramtilla oleifera var. oleifera Guizotia oleifera var. oleifera Guizotia abyssinica var. pichisermollii Guizotia abyssinica var. negriana Guizotia abyssinica var. baldratiana Guizotia abyssinica var. sciarapovii Guizotia abyssinica var. baldratiana Guizotia abyssinica var. corgevinii Guizotia abyssinica var. caulirufa Guizotia abyssinica var. sativa Guizotia abyssinica var. candussoiana Guizotia oleifera subsp. sativa Guizotia oleifera subsp. angustior Guizotia abyssinica var. angustior Polymnia frondosa Ramtilla oleifera Guizotia oleifera Guizotia abyssinica