Gunnera tinctoria (Molina) Mirb.

Chilean gunnera (en), Gunnéra du Chili (fr), Gunnéra des teinturiers (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Gunnerales > Gunneraceae > Gunnera

Characteristics

Giant, clump-forming, gynomonoecious, summergreen herb, with short, stout, horizontal rhizomes. Winter resting buds massive, to c. 25 cm long; scales pinnatisect with pinkish laciniate lobes extending to the broad green midrib. Lvs to c. 2.5 m high, rhubarb-like. Petiole to 100 × 2.5-4.5 cm, studded with conic, short, often reddish, prickles. Lamina to c. 80 × 100 cm, suborbicular, palmately 5-7-lobed to nearly ⅓ radius, somewhat rugose and scabrid above; veins sparingly hairy beneath, prominently raised, the main veins with soft prickles. Infl. paniculate, to 1 m long at fruiting; main axis 3-4.5 cm diam.; infl. branches 4-7 cm × 5-7 mm in central part of panicle. Fls dense, sessile, apetalous; ♀ c. 1 mm long. Sepals minute. Styles slightly < ovary. Drupes 1.5-2 mm long, subglobose or broad-oblong, orange. Seed 1-1.3 mm diam., acutely angled.
More
A shrub. It grows 1-2 m tall. The leaves are 1.2-1.5 m across. The leaves can be 2.6 m across. The leaf stalk is 1 m long. The flowers are in dense spikes. They are reddish-green in colour.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality
Pollination
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.0
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A temperate plant. They need plenty of moisture. They can tolerate frost and snow. It grows along riverbanks. It grows with its roots in water. It can grow in shade. In Chile it grows from sea level to 2,000 m altitude. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 1,000 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 7-9.
More
Forest margins adjacent to wetland areas, stream-sides and, particularly, on bluffs and talus slopes. Moist soils by lakes and rivers of the Central Provinces.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-9

Usage

The leaf stalks are used as an ingredient in sweet meats and for making preserves. The leaf stalk is peeled and eaten as a vegetable. It is also used in confectionary.
Uses dye environmental use medicinal ornamental
Edible leaves stems
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from fresh seed. These are planted onto waterlogged soil.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 60
Germination temperacture (C°) 23 - 30
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 15 - 25
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Gunnera tinctoria habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)
Gunnera tinctoria habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)
Gunnera tinctoria habit picture by Pereira Jorge (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Gunnera tinctoria leaf picture by sofie wallee (cc-by-sa)
Gunnera tinctoria leaf picture by siegfried_m31 (cc-by-sa)
Gunnera tinctoria leaf picture by malika (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Gunnera tinctoria flower picture by franck mignot (cc-by-sa)
Gunnera tinctoria flower picture by Sabine R. (cc-by-sa)
Gunnera tinctoria flower picture by Laurent GUILLAUME (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Gunnera tinctoria fruit picture by C. Ramos (cc-by-sa)
Gunnera tinctoria fruit picture by Loic Le Studer (cc-by-sa)
Gunnera tinctoria fruit picture by solange saravia (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Gunnera tinctoria world distribution map, present in Argentina, Canada, Chile, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, New Zealand, Portugal, Uruguay, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:430194-1
WFO ID wfo-0000833292
COL ID 3HMCZ
BDTFX ID 30664
INPN ID 100603
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Gunnera scabra Panke tinctoria Gunnera tinctoria

Lower taxons

Gunnera tinctoria var. valdiviensis Gunnera tinctoria var. meyeri Gunnera tinctoria var. tinctoria