Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile) Sch.Bip.

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Gymnanthemum

Characteristics

Shrub or small tree, up to 8 m tall; stem striate, sparsely to densely felted and gland-dotted, eglandular trichomes T-shaped and medifixed. Leaves alternate, subsessile to petiolate, narrowly ovate to lanceolate or elliptic, (20-)90-170 x 35-60 mm, apex acute to sub-acuminate, base cuneate, margins sub-entire to serrulate-crispulate, upper surface puberulous to glabrescent, greyish green, under surface pubescent or crisped-tomentose and paler, eglandular trichomes short-spurred with cap-cell attached subbasally; petiole 0.5-10.0 mm long. Capitula in terminal corymbs, 5-flowered, flowers sweetly scented. Involucre globose-campanulate, 3-5 mm diam. when pressed; bracts in ±5 series, imbricate, sparsely hairy to glabrous and gland-dotted near apices, sometimes sharply keeled, especially distally, margins ciliate, green with darker median streak near tip, outer bracts ovate-elliptic, 0.5-1.0 mm long, median bracts oblong-elliptic, 2.0-5.0 x 1.5 mm, obtuse, inner bracts narrowly oblong-oblanceolate, 2.0-5.0 x 1.5 mm, obtuse to acute, caducous. Florets white, creamy-white, pale pinkish or pale mauve, corolla, 6-9 mm long, gland-dotted, tube narrowly funnel-shaped, lobes linear-lanceolate, 3-5 mm long. Anthers sagittate with triangular apical appendages. Style up to 5 mm long, pilose distally and on branches, branches 2.5-3.0 mm long. Cypselas narrowly turbinate to subcylindric, ±10-ribbed, 2.0-3.5 mm long, setulose on ribs and gland-dotted, especially between ribs; pappus biseriate, outer scales linear, barbellate, 1-3 mm long, caducous, inner bristles barbellate, 4-6 mm long, cream-coloured to pale tawny.
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Small tree or shrub, up to 3 m high. Leaves somewhat elliptic, tapering ± equally to apex and base, margins flat. Involucre wider than long. Pappus long-exserted from involucre, outer pappus of caducous scale-like setae, inner bristles scabrid, subequal. Heads with 10 or more flowers. Achenes setulose, glandular. Flowers white or pale mauve.
A herb. Possibly Vernonia amygdalina. Naming confused.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 3.0 - 4.57
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Along rivers and lakes, in forest margins, woodland and grassland, at elevations up to 2,000 metres. Often found in disturbed localities such as abandoned farmland and in secondary woodland.
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It is a tropical plant.
Light 5-7
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The leaves are used in soups.
Uses animal food bee plant charcoal environmental use fodder food food additive fuel gene source gum invertebrate food material medicinal ornamental poison social use timber vertebrate poison wood
Edible leaves shoots stems
Therapeutic use Antidote (unspecified), Apertif (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Chewstick (unspecified), Dentifrice (unspecified), Digestive (unspecified), Enteritis (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Gastritis (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Infection (unspecified), Itch (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Pneumonia (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Venereal (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Metrorrhagia (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Yaws (unspecified), Ringworm (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 20 - 26
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Gymnanthemum amygdalinum leaf picture by Fabio Rizzo Matos (cc-by-sa)
Gymnanthemum amygdalinum leaf picture by JP Corrêa Carvalho (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Gymnanthemum amygdalinum flower picture by pedrogc -- (cc-by-sa)
Gymnanthemum amygdalinum flower picture by pedrogc -- (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Gymnanthemum amygdalinum world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Botswana, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Equatorial Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mozambique, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, Sudan, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, eSwatini, Chad, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:210886-1
WFO ID wfo-0000096111
COL ID 6L6Q9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 770977
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Vernonia giorgii Vernonia randii Vernonia bahiensis Vernonia eritreana Cacalia amygdalina Gymnanthemum amygdalinum Vernonia weisseana Bracheilema paniculatum Decaneurum amygdalinum Vernonia adenosticta Gymnanthemum abyssinicum Vernonia amygdalina Vernonia vogeliana Keringa amygdalina Vernonia amygdalina Vernonanthura condensata Cheliusia abyssinica Vernonanthura condensata Vernonia condensata