Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino

Species

Angiosperms > Cucurbitales > Cucurbitaceae > Gynostemma

Characteristics

Herbaceous or subwoody climber, 2-8 m tall, root perennial but not(?) tuberous, main stem to 1 cm thick, bark fissured, grey; leafy stem slender, 1(-2) mm diam., glabrous or hairy, hairs grey or rarely brown; dioecious. Leaves: petiole 3-6 cm long; petiolules 0.2-0.7 cm long; blade simple or foliolate, subcircular (or ovate) in outline, 4-10(-17) cm diam.; leaflets 3-5(-7), ovate to narrowly elliptic, 3-10 by 1-5 cm, outer leaflets smallest, 3-6(-7)-pinniveined, veins faint or distinct, margin (remotely) finely (or coarsely) dentate, upper surface variously (appressed) hairy or subglabrous (except veins), lower surface (sub)glabrous. Male inflorescences many-flowered, small or large, raceme-like or 2-4-branched, broadly paniculate, 5-15(-30) cm long, lateral branches to 10 cm long, hairy or subglabrous, ultimately with (1 or) 2-5 flowers in fascicles (or in condensed racemes), finely hairy or subglabrous; peduncle 1-7 cm long; bracts 1-2(-5) mm long. Male flowers: pedicel 1-3(-7) mm long, articulate in the middle, the basal part persistent after flowering; perianth (2.5-)3-5(-8) mm diam.; receptacle shallowly hollowed, c. 0.5 mm wide; sepals narrowly elliptic-linear, (0.5-)1 mm long; petals triangular, (narrowly) elliptic, 1-2(-3.5) by 0.5(-1) mm, apex acuminate or long-acuminate, adaxially usually ± hairy or papillose; staminal column 0.5(-1) mm long, synandrium 0.5(-1) mm diam., anthers subglobose, sessile or short-stalked, c. 0.2 mm diameter. Female inflorescences as male inflorescences, but smaller. Female flowers: pedicel 2-4 mm long, subapically articulate; perianth 2-4 mm diam.; ovary subglobose, c. 1 mm diam., glabrous or sparsely hairy; styles (2 or) 3, with stigma each 0.5-1 mm long. Fruit green, ripening pale yellow or blackish, globose, 0.5-0.8 cm diam., glabrous or (sparsely) hairy; fruiting pedicel 0.2-0.5 cm long. Seeds usually 2, subcircular, triangular or cordate in outline, 3-4 mm diam., little or moderately compressed, faces irregularly verrucose or wrinkled, margin broad or narrow.
More
Stem and branches slender, angular-sulcate, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Leaves pedately 3-9-foliolate, usually 5-7-foliolate, membranous or papery, pubescent or glabrous; leaflets ovate-oblong or lanceolate, median leaflets 3-12 × 1.5-4 cm, lateral leaflets smaller, both surfaces sometimes hispid, lateral veins 6-8 pairs, base attenuate, margin crenate, apex acute or shortly acuminate; petiolule 1-5 mm. Tendrils filiform, 2-fid. Male flowers in panicle; peduncle filiform, 10-15(-30) cm, many branched; pedicels filiform, 1-4 mm; bracteole subulate; calyx tube very short; segments triangular, ca. 0.7 mm, apex acute; corolla pale green or white; segments ovate-lanceolate, 2.5-3 × ca. 1 cm, 1-veined, apex long acuminate. Female flowers: panicle shorter than that of male flowers; calyx and corolla as in male flowers; ovary globose, 2-or 3-loculed; styles 3; stigmas 2-lobed; staminodes 5, short. Fruit indehiscent, black when mature, globose, 5-6 mm in diam., 2-seeded, glabrous or densely hispid and pubescent. Seeds brown, ovate-cordate, ca. 4 mm in diam., compressed, both surfaces papillose, base cordate, apex obtuse. Fl. Mar-Nov, fr. Apr-Dec.
A pumpkin family plant. It is an evergreen climber. The roots grow horizontally. The stems are 1 cm across. It has few branches. It has aerial roots. Each leaf has 3-7 sections spread out like fingers on a hand. The flowers are yellowish-white. The fruit are round and black. They are 6-8 mm across. The seeds are oval and 4 mm long. They have a wrinkled surface.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.5 - 3.5
Mature height (meter) 4.0 - 8.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a temperate to tropical plant. It needs to be in moist, well-drained soil in part shade. It is a weed in northern China. In Yunnan. In Cairns BG.
More
Thickets in open forests in lowland all over Japan. Forest, thickets or road sides on mountain slopes at elevations of 300-3,200 metres in China.
Thickets in open forests in lowland all over Japan. Forest, thickets or road sides on mountain slopes at elevations of 300-3200 metres in China.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-10

Usage

The leaves and stems are cooked and eaten. The leaves are used for tea.
Uses food material medicinal tea
Edible fruits leaves stems
Therapeutic use Hypnotics and sedatives (leaf), Hypnotics and sedatives (stem), Boil (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Bite(Bug) (unspecified), Bladder (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Demulcents (whole plant), Joint diseases (whole plant), Muscular diseases (whole plant), Sprains and strains (whole plant), Wounds and injuries (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. They need to be soaked for 24 hours before sowing.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Gynostemma pentaphyllum unspecified picture

Distribution

Gynostemma pentaphyllum world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Botswana, China, Indonesia, India, Japan, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:292905-1
WFO ID wfo-0000713306
COL ID 3HWXM
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pestalozzia pedata Zanonia pedata Zanonia cissoides Gynostemma blumei Gynostemma cissoides Gynostemma crenulatum Gynostemma laxum Gynostemma wightianum Alsomitra cissoides Alsomitra laxa Enkylia digyna Enkylia trigyna Gynostemma pedatum Gynostemma pentaphyllum Gynostemma siamicum Gynostemma simplicifolium Gynostemma trigynum Vitis pentaphylla Vitis pentaphylla Zanonia laxa Pestalozzia laxa Zanonia wightiana Vitis martini Vitis quelpaertensis Gynostemma pentaphyllum f. dasycarpum Gynostemma pentaphyllum f. fasciculare Gynostemma pentaphyllum f. grandiflorum Gynostemma pentaphyllum f. knemandrum Gynostemma pentaphyllum f. pubescens Gynostemma pentaphyllum f. simplicifolium Gynostemma pentaphyllum var. dasycarpum Gynostemma pedatum var. hupehense Gynostemma pedatum var. trifoliatum Gynostemma pentaphyllum var. pentaphyllum