Habenaria epipactidea Rchb.F.

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Orchidaceae > Habenaria

Characteristics

Plants stout, to 500 mm, usually densely leafy; leaves cauline, suberect to spreading, ovate to lanceolate or narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acute, to 150 x 40 mm. Inflorescences dense, many-flowered; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, mostly shorter than the flowers; pedicel 5-20 mm long; ovary 10-20 mm long. Flowers green with greenish-white petals and white lip, curved outwards. Median sepal erect, shallowly concave, ovate or elliptic, subacute, 8-12 mm long; lateral sepals deflexed or spreading, oblong-lanceolate, subacute, longer and narrower than the median. Petals simple, elliptic to orbicular, rounded or quadrate, longer than the median sepal, 9-15 mm long. Lip pendent; midlobe narrowly oblong, obtuse, 11-16 x c. 2 (-3.5) mm; side lobes reduced, filamentous, (0.5-) 1-4 (-6.5) mm long; spur knobbed apically, (15-) 20-30 (-65) mm long. Anther reflexed, obtuse or acute, c. 2.5 mm tall, canals divergent, 1-1.5 mm long; stigmatic processes broadly clavate, c. 1.5 mm long; central rostellum lobe broadly triangular, acute, usually exceeding and covering the anther, c. 2.5 mm long.
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An orchid. It grows in the soil. It is 30-55 cm tall. It has an underground tuber 6 cm long by 3 cm wide. This produces an upright stem. The tuber has a dark woolly covering. There are 8-15 leaves that closely overlap the stem. The largest leaf is the lowest and is 5-12 cm long by 2.5 cm wide. The flowers are on a cylinder shaped spike and they have a sweet scent. The spike is 6-16 cm long and 2-5 cm wide. The flowers are close together and there can be 7 or many. The fruit is a narrowly oval capsule. It has slits that release the very small seeds.
Terrestrial herb, geophyte, robust, 0.12-0.61 m high; with globose root tubers. Leaves 8-12, cauline, overlapping, suberect, oblong, rounded, up to 150 x 14 mm. Inflorescence dense, racemose; flowers many, resupinate, light green or greenish yellow with white lip. Sepals unequal; median sepal ovate, 9-12 mm long. Petals undivided, ovate-oblong, spreading, longer than median sepal. Lip 3-lobed, midlobe 10-16 mm long, pendent, 2 side lobes tiny, thread-like, at base of midlobe; spur 15-30 mm long, recurved, apex swollen. Flowering time Jan.-Mar.
Robust, tuberous geophyte to 50 cm, usually densely leafy. Leaves cauline, lanceolate. Flowers many in a dense raceme, green, with greenish white petals and white lip, petals elliptic to suborbicular, lip oblong with basal whiskers and a spur 20-30 mm long, anther reflexed, stigmas ± 1.5 mm long, central rostellum lobe broadly triangular and covering anther.
Robust herb, up to 400 mm high. Leaves several, cauline. Flowers: dorsal sepal 9-12 mm long; petals entire, broadly ovate-oblong, rounded to subacute; lip with filamentous side lobes; spur ± 30 mm long; Jan.-Mar.
Lip 10–14 mm long, 3-lobed to c. 1 mm from base; mid-lobe c. 2 mm wide, side lobes much shorter and narrower, only 1–4 mm long, thread-like; spur 18–30 mm long, straight or sigmoid, swollen towards the tip.
Stem with 8–15 overlapping leaves, the lowermost 1–2 sheath-like, the upper ones bract-like, the largest in the middle, 5–12 × 1–2.5 cm, lanceolate, acute, the edge often undulate, ± distichously arranged.
Robust terrestrial herb, up to 400 mm tall. Dorsal sepal 9-12 mm long. Petals broadly ovate-oblong, rounded to subacute. Spur ± 30 mm long.
Dorsal sepal 8–10 × 4–6 mm, ovate, erect, convex; lateral sepals 9–12 × 3–4 mm, spreading, curved-lanceolate, subacute.
Inflorescence densely 5 to many-flowered, up to 16 × c. 4 cm; bracts up to 25 mm long, lanceolate, acute.
Terrestrial herb up to 50 cm high; tubers c. 4 × 1.5 cm, ovoid, villous.
Petals entire, 8–10 × 6.5–8 mm, orbicular to elliptic, rounded.
Stigmatic arms 2–3 mm long, clavate, truncate.
Rostellum mid-lobe almost covering anther.
Anther 3.5 mm high, canals very short.
Ovary and pedicel 22–27 mm long.
Flowers white or greenish-white.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.4
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in grassland in damp or rocky gullies. In Tanzania it grows between 1,100-1,800 m above sea level.
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Grasslands with short grass, especially where seasonally damp or in rocky gullies, dry bush, at elevations from 1,100-1,800 metres.
Light 4-6
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The tubers are dug and peeled and cooked. They can be pounded and baked into mealy cakes.
Uses medicinal
Edible roots tubers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from tubers.
Mode seedlings tubers
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Habenaria epipactidea world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Namibia, Rwanda, eSwatini, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:637219-1
WFO ID wfo-0000977576
COL ID 3J3TP
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Orchis foliosa Platycoryne rautanenii Bonatea foliosa Platantheroides epipactidea Habenella epipactidea Platycorynoides epipactidea Platycorynoides hircina Platycorynoides rautanenii Habenaria epipactidea Habenaria hircina Habenaria perfoliata Habenaria schinzii Habenaria trachychila Habenaria foliosa Habenaria rautanenii Habenaria polyphylla Habenaria polyphylla