Haemanthus coccineus L.

April fool (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Amaryllidaceae > Haemanthus

Characteristics

Bulb solitary or clumped, ranging from elongate-ovoid to broadly ovoid or depressed ovoid, compressed laterally, 30-150 mm across; tunics thick, imbricate, distichous, cream-coloured, sometimes speckled with red in the upper parts; the margins oblique, withered and brown. Leaves 2 or rarely 3, suberect to recurved or prostrate, appearing after the inflorescence or rarely simultaneously; blade narrowly to broadly lingulate, elliptical or rotund (60-)150-450(-700) mm long, (25-)85-150(-210) mm broad at the middle, flat or somewhat canaliculate in the lower half, fleshy; adaxial surface bright to dull green or glaucous, immaculate or occasionally with dark green or maroon markings, smooth; abaxial surface light green or glaucous, immaculate or barred with maroon over the whole surface or towards the base, sometimes heavily barred with dark green on a whitish background, either glabrous or pubescent towards the edges and apex, or over the whole surface; margin sometimes red, smooth or softly ciliate, occasionally revolute; apex obtuse to acute. Peduncle usually stout, 60-370 mm long, (5-)10-20 mm across greatest diam., ranging from cream to pale green to light red with deep red spotting or deeper red streaks, sometimes plain red, glabrous or rarely pubescent. Umbel either compact, cyathiform to campanulate and slightly compressed medianly, or sometimes spreading and obconical, 30-100 mm across. Spathe valves (4-)6-9(-13), erect and overlapping, sometimes somewhat spreading, shorter to longer than the flowers, irregular, ranging from broadly to narrowly oblong or lanceolate to elliptic, obovate or spathulate, 20-60 mm long, (7-)15-48 mm broad, coral, vermilion or scarlet, stiff and fleshy, rarely somewhat thin; margin sometimes softly ciliate; tips acute to obtuse. Flowers (20-)25-100, coral to scarlet with white tubes and tips or concolorous. Pedicels (2-)5-15(-18) mm long, cream to pale green or reddish. Perianth 14-30 mm long; tube 2-5 mm long, widening upwards, usually gibbose at the base of each segment; segments usually erect or sometimes spreading, narrowly oblong to spathulate, 12-26 mm long, 1-3.5 mm broad; tips obtuse to acute. Filaments exserted by up to 10 mm, pale scarlet, usually with white tips. Anthers 1-2 mm long when open, yellow. Ovary subglobose, 2-4 mm diam., pale green. Style as long as the stamens. Berries more or less ovoid, soft and pulpy, about 15 mm diam., white to pale or deep pink, translucent. Seeds 1-3, ovoid, 8-10 mm diam., dark wine-coloured.
More
Perennial geophyte, 0.2-0.4 m high. Leaves dry at flowering, suberect to prostrate, ± tongue-shaped, (25-)85-150(-210) mm wide, fleshy, smooth or hairy, barred maroon or dark green underneath. Flowers many, in a dense cluster, surrounded by several, erect, bright red, stiff, fleshy bracts; perianth 14-30 mm long. Flowering time Feb.-Apr.
Bulbous geophyte, 60-200 mm tall. Leaves 2, dry at flowering, spreading, tongue-shaped, fleshy, often ciliate, usually speckled on under surface, margin often rolled back. Flowers in a compact, head, scape mostly spotted with dark red, bracts many, stiff and fleshy, scarlet.
Bulbous geophyte, 6-40 cm. Leaves 2, dry at flowering, spreading, tongue-shaped, fleshy, usually speckled beneath, margin often rolled back and ciliate. Flowers in a compact head, scarlet, bracts 6-9(-13), scarlet, stiff and fleshy.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.15 - 0.38
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light 4-9
Soil humidity 1-5
Soil texture 5-7
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use Asthma (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 42
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 18
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Haemanthus coccineus unspecified picture

Distribution

Haemanthus coccineus world distribution map, present in Namibia and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:64715-1
WFO ID wfo-0000647364
COL ID 3J7MJ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Haemanthus callosus Haemanthus carinatus Haemanthus concolor Haemanthus hyalocarpus Haemanthus moschatus Haemanthus coarctatus Haemanthus coccineus Haemanthus crassipes Haemanthus hookerianus Haemanthus latifolius Haemanthus splendens Haemanthus tigrinus Haemanthus zebrinus Perihemia coarctata