Haematoxylum campechianum L.

Bloodwoodtree (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Haematoxylum

Characteristics

Spinescent shrub or tree to 6 m tall; branchlets with numerous, small, conspicuous, whitish lenticels, glabrous throughout or almost so. Leaves alternate or fascicled from spurs, paripinnate or bipinnate, the latter with 3 pairs of pinnae; leaflets 1-4 pairs, mostly 10-24 mm long, 5-14 mm wide, rounded to deeply emarginate apically. Racemes mostly axillary, many-flowered, to 12 cm long. Flowers on filiform pedicels 4-6 mm long, fragrant. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, 3-5 mm long, purplish red. Petals 5-7 mm long, yellow. Stamens c. as long as the petals. Pod elliptic-oblong, 2-5 cm long, 0.7-1.3 cm wide. Seeds transversely oblong, 3-3.5 mm long, 8-9 mm wide, flattened, pale brown.
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Trees, small, to 8 m tall, sometimes with spreading branches and shrubby. Trunk deeply sulcate. Bark light gray. Branchlets slender. Leaves 5-10 cm, shortly petiolate; leaflets 2-4 pairs, abaxially pale green, adaxially shiny, obovate to obcordate, 1-3 cm, papery, with fine veins, base cuneate, apex rounded or deeply emarginate. Racemes 2-5 cm, with several to numerous flowers; peduncles short. Pedicels 4-6 mm, slender. Calyx 3-4 mm; lobes oblong-lanceolate, apex acute. Petals yellow, narrowly obovate, 5-6 mm, apex obtuse. Stamens ca. as long as petals. Legume lanceolate-oblong, 2-5 × 0.8-1.2 cm; valves thin, with fine veins.
Tree up to c. 15 m high. Leaves with one spine in the axil, 3-5-jugate, petiole with rachis up to c. 10 cm. Leaflets subsessile, opposite, obovate, 2-3 by 1-2.5 cm, emarginate or subtruncate at apex, cuneate at base, glabrous; nerves and veins fine. Inflorescences up to 6(-12) cm long, rather densely flowered; pedicels 4-6 mm. Flowers fragrant. Calyx lobes yellow or purple-tinged, ovate, 3-4 mm long. Petals bright yellow, obovate, 5-6 mm. Stamens almost the same length as petals. Ovary and style pubescent. Pods 2-6 by 0.8-1.2 cm.
A large shrub or small tree. It grows 10 m tall. The leaves are 3-8 cm long and have 4 pairs of leaflets. These are 1-3 cm long and broadly oval. The flowers are 1.2 cm across. They are yellow. The fruit is a pod about 4 cm long and 8-10 mm wide. It is narrowed at both ends. There are 2-3 seeds.
A smallish tree.. With closely veined obovate-emarginate or subtruncate leaflets (sometimes the lowest pair replaced by a pair of 1–2-jugate pinnae).. Flowers rather small, yellow, in axillary racemes.. Pods rather small, flattened and elliptic-oblong, opening down the middle of the valves.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 9.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A lowland species which may succeed under very different conditions. In its native range it grows best in flat marshy areas often inundated by rivers.
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A tropical plant. It grows on exposed hillsides in dry secondary thickets. In Yunnan.
Favours disturbed sites such as the verges of roads and stream banks.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

UsesThe heartwood and roots are the source of blue, violet, and purple dyes used for ink, and for dyeing woollen and silk goods. The heartwood is also the source of a red dye (haematoxylin) which is used as a stain in histological work. See Burkill Diet. Econ. Prod. Malay Penins. 1938 1142 K. Heyne Nutt. Pl. Indon. 3 1950 749 Seegeler Lemmens & Wulijarni-Soetjipto Pl. Res. SE Asia (PROSEA Handb.) 3, Dye & tannin-producing plants 1991 78 f. 1, 2.
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The flowers are the source of an attractive honey.
Uses bee plant dye environmental use essential oil fiber food fuel hedge invertebrate food material medicinal printing inks scientific purpose tea timber wood
Edible flowers
Therapeutic use Anodyne (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified), Bactericide (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Leucorrhea (unspecified), Puerperium (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Trauma (unspecified), Amenorrhea (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Bedsore (unspecified), Circulation (unspecified), Decoagulant (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Gangrene (unspecified), Hematochezia (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (wood), Astringents (wood), Diarrhea (wood), Dysentery (wood), Dyspepsia (wood), Gangrene (wood), Leukorrhea (wood), Neoplasms (wood), General tonic for rejuvenation (wood)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds or cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Haematoxylum campechianum habit picture by Mélanie Herteman (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Haematoxylum campechianum leaf picture by lee william (cc-by-sa)
Haematoxylum campechianum leaf picture by Karina Monserrat Pérez Ramírez (cc-by-sa)
Haematoxylum campechianum leaf picture by Anthony Bahuaud (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Haematoxylum campechianum flower picture by claire Felloni (cc-by-sa)
Haematoxylum campechianum flower picture by Virginie Laisney (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Haematoxylum campechianum fruit picture by William Gustave (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Haematoxylum campechianum world distribution map, present in Angola, American Samoa, Australia, Belize, Brazil, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Fiji, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Mauritius, Nigeria, Pakistan, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Suriname, Seychelles, Tonga, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, and United States of America

Conservation status

Haematoxylum campechianum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:316401-2
WFO ID wfo-0000168536
COL ID 3J8ZL
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447042
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cymbosepalum baronii Acosmium trichonema Haematoxylon campechianum Haematoxylum campechianum