Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J.F.Gmel.

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Hagenia

Characteristics

A rather slender tree up to 20 m. tall, with brown or reddish-brown, readily strip-peeling bark.. Young twigs densely villous with yellow-brown soft ascending hairs 3–4 mm. long, with villous ring-scars of previous petiole-bases.. Leaves petiolate, viscid, up to 40 cm. long: main leaflets commonly 6–8 on each side, sessile or almost so, narrowly oblong, commonly 12–15 × 3.5–5.2 cm., acuminate, basally rounded to subcordate, finely serrated and villous on the margins, with the primary nerves prominent beneath and the intervening veins reticulate, dark green, usually pubescent above, lighter green, densely villous with soft silvery hairs varying to glabrous beneath; rhachis usually with very small, ± orbicular secondary leaflets, 2–10 mm. long, between the main ones.. Petioles 12–13 cm. long, winged due to the stipules being adnate for almost their whole length.. Inflorescence a handsome, much-branched terminal drooping panicle 30–60 × 20–30 cm. at fullest maturity (the ♂ panicles usually relatively narrower), the branches villous, subtended by membranous and caducous leafy bracts; internodes ± zigzag; pedicels viscid; flowers subtended by 2(–3) broadly rounded bracts.. Male flowers orange-buff to white, ± 7.5 mm. diameter at anthesis; calyx-tube 2–3 mm. long; outer calyx-lobes oblong or ovate to obovate, 1–1.5 × 0.5–0.75 mm., the inner lobes larger, 4–6 × 2.5–3 mm., reflexing and concave on the under side.. Female flowers rather viscid, more red, up to 1.75 cm. in diameter; outer calyx-lobes unequal, oblong-linear varying to obovate, 7 × 3.75 to 9 × 5 mm., clearly veined; the inner lobes smaller, broadly ovate, 2.5 × 2 mm. Styles 1.25–1.5 mm. long; stigmas capitate; carpels asymmetrically ovoid, apically villous.. Fig. 5, p. 44.
More
Leaves imparipinnate, up to 40 cm. long, viscid; leaflets 5–7(8) on each side, usually 12–15 x 3·5–5·5 cm., subopposite, sessile or almost so, narrowly oblong, acuminate at apex, obliquely rounded to subcordate at the base, ± glabrescent above, densely silvery sericeous-villous to glabrescent below; margins finely dentate; main leaflet pairs alternating with 1(3) reduced subcircular ones, the latter with up to 5 teeth or minute and entire; rhachis and petiole with soft patent hairs up to 4 mm. long; petiole up to 15 cm. long; stipules (3)6–9 cm. long, membranous, reddish at first but becoming brown, adnate to petiole throughout almost their whole length.
Female and hermaphrodite flowers red, viscid, up to 1·5 cm. in diameter; calyx-tube c. 1 mm. long, obconical, densely hairy outside; epicalyx-lobes c. 1 x 0·4 cm., unequal, oblong-elliptic to obovate with apex obtuse, clearly veined, accrescent in fruit; calyx-lobes c. 3 x 2 mm., broadly ovate-acute with the apex acute, clearly veined; petals not seen (? absent or fugacious); stamens 0, or if present then fewer and smaller than in male flowers; carpels (1)2, apically villous, with styles c. 1·5 mm. long; stigmas 0·75 mm. wide, hairy.
Male flowers orange-buff to white, c. 8 mm. in diameter; calyx-tube obconical, c. 1·5 mm. long, densely hairy outside; epicalyx-lobes c. 1·5 x 0·5 mm., oblong; calyx-lobes 4–5 x 2·5–3 mm., oblong to obovate, recurved and with the abaxial surface concave, clearly veined; petals 1·5 mm. long, linear, fugacious (? or absent); stamens (8)10–15(20), anthers sparsely hairy; carpels vestigial, enclosed by the receptacle.
A tree. It grows 25 m high. The crown is rounded and often umbrella shaped. The bark is red-brown and is papery and peels off. The flowers are pinkish-white. They hang in long stalks and are of one sex.
Achenes enclosed within the calyx-tube with its accrescent epicalyx and persistent calyx-lobes; often only one of the achenes developing; pericarp thin, fragile, brown, reticulately rugose.
Branchlets densely sericeous-villous with golden antrorse hairs 3–4 mm. long, ringed by the scars of the fallen sheathing leaf-bases; scars at first villous, later glabrescent.
Panicles many-flowered, much-branched, terminal, drooping, up to 60 cm. long; female panicles bulkier than the male ones; flowers subtended by 2(3) broadly rounded bracts.
Tree up to 18 m. high, with globose or umbrella-shaped open crown; bark ridged and flaky, red-brown to brown.
Life form
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 18.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Often dominant in the woodland zone just above the mountain bamboo at elevations of 2,000-3,000 metres. It occurs in undifferentiated afro-montane forest and dry single dominant afro-montane forest; at lower altitudes often at forest margins.
More
It is a tropical plant. It is easily killed by fire. It grows along the edges of rainforest and spreads into burnt grassland. It suits humid locations.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses charcoal dye medicinal ornamental timber wood
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use Abortifacient agents (flower), Anthelmintics (flower), Abortifacient agents (leaf), Abortifacient (unspecified), Anthelminthic (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Taenifuge (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Tapeworm (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 25 - 32
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Hagenia abyssinica unspecified picture

Distribution

Hagenia abyssinica world distribution map, present in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Hagenia abyssinica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:725448-1
WFO ID wfo-0000994920
COL ID 3J9DL
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Hagenia abyssinica Brayera anthelmintica Banksia abyssinica Hagenia anthelmintica

Lower taxons

Hagenia abyssinica var. viridifolia