Harrisia martinii (Labour.) Britton

Mooncactus (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Cactaceae > Harrisia

Characteristics

Stems sprawling or clambering, to 3 m or more long, stems much-branched and tangled together and forming an impenetrable mass. Stems green to grey-green, 2.5–4 cm diam. Young stems pointed, 4-or 5-ribbed, older stems round in cross-section. Ribs low, tuberculate, separated by a distinct line at sulcus. Areoles borne on tubercles, c. 1.5–2.5 (–3.5) cm apart. Central spines 1 or 2 (–4), 1.5–2 times as long as radial spines, 10–35 mm long. Radial spines 5–7, 1–6 mm long. Flowers 15–22 cm long, 15–18 cm diam. Pericarpel green, having areoles similar to stem areoles with spines and without scaly trichomes. Hypanthium green to reddish green, scales red-purple, deltoid, with white hairs, lower areoles often similar to stem areoles with spines and without scaly trichomes. Mid-hypanthium scales 2.7–4.9 mm long, 1.3–3.8 mm wide. Outer tepals green to pinkish green. Inner tepals white. Fruits globose, 3–4 cm diam., tuberculate, red, usually spiny, scales deciduous. Seeds 2–2.5 mm long, black.
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Sprawling or clambering shrub, capable of resprouting from an underground rootstock, c. 0.8(-2) m tall; stems much-branched, often arching; branches dark green, (1.5-)2-2.5(-4) cm in diameter, not rooting aerially; ribs 4-5, low, lending the stems an appearance of plaited rope; areoles seated on broad tubercle, 1.5-2.5(-3.5) cm apart. Central spine 1(-2), 2-3(-4) cm long; peripheral spines 1-3 (-7), up to 3 mm long. Flowers nocturnal, from Nov. to Mar., 15-22 x 15-17 cm; scales broadly triangular-subulate, 2-3 mm long; pericarpel areoles felted and more or less hairy; outer tepals narrow, greenish white; inner tepals white or pale pink. Fruit from Dec. to May, globose, c. 3 cm in diameter, tuberculate and very shortly spiny, red, splitting down one side; pulp white. Seed black-brown (virtually black).
Sprawling or clambering shrub, resprouting from an underground rootstock, up to 3 m high; stems much branched, often arching; branches dark green, 20-25 mm in diameter, 4-or 5-ribbed, lending the stems an appearance of plaited rope; areoles seated on broad tubercles. Spines in groups with 1 or 2 central spines longer than peripheral spines. Flowers nocturnal; 15-22 mm long; floral tube areoles felted and ± hairy; outer perianth segments narrow, greenish white; inner perianth segments white or pale pink; Nov.-Mar. Fruit globose, 30 mm in diameter, tuberculate and very shortly spiny, red, splitting down one side; pulp white.
Plants with tuberous roots and long, fairly supple, clambering, much branched stems, 1-2 cm in diam., 4-5-angled; areoles numerous, placed fairly close together, raised and shortly pubescent bearing a stout central, patent or reflexed spine up to 3 cm long and several very short radiating spines. Flower about 20 cm long; outer segments linear, greenish; inner broader, white or pinkish. Fruit globose, 3.5 cm in diam., red, with small scales, the withered perianth long persistent; seeds small, black, scattered in a white pulp.
Plant much branched, clambering, up to 2 m long. Stems green to grey-green, 20-25 mm in diam.; young stems pointed, 4-or 5-angled; older stems round in cross section, spineless. Spines: central spine single, stout, yellowish with dark tip, 20-30 mm long; radial spines 5-7, short. Flowers up to 200 mm long; pericarpels with scales and brown wool. Fruit red, 35 mm long with scales and spines.
A cactus.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
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Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.8
Root system -
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Flower color
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

An environmental weed of open woodlands, often in clay soils usually associated with Acacia harpophylla woodland, and pastures; it is most commonly found in semi-arid regions and drier subtropical and tropical habitats. In northeast Queensland it is also a weed in Acacia cambagei and A. argyrodendron woodland on grey cracking clay with gilgai. At Diperru National Park it has invaded seasonally flooded plain Eucalyptus raveretiana and Acacia harpophylla woodland. Along the Quilpie stock route, it grows along the creek in Acacia cambegei – A. aneura association. Near Goondiwindii it has been collected from partially cleared grassland with scattered Eucalyptus populnea, on cracking clay soil. In New South Wales it is known only from near Bobbabilla near Goondiwindi, where growing on clay flats of a floodplain, in Eucalyptus woodland. It also invades Callitris woodlands. (Queensland Government 2016) It is ranked among the top 200 most invasive species in southeastern Queensland (Queensland Government 2016).
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It is a subtropical plant. In Argentina it grows below 500 m above sea level.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

Harrisia martinii was deliberately introduced into Australia as a garden ornamental in the late 1800s. It was commonly cultivated in the inland areas of Queensland, usually around mining towns (Queensland Government 2016).
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The fruit pulp is eaten raw.
Uses glycosid ornamental
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
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Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Harrisia martinii unspecified picture

Distribution

Harrisia martinii world distribution map, present in Argentina, Australia, Namibia, Paraguay, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Harrisia martinii threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID -
WFO ID wfo-0001287227
COL ID 6LFS5
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Harrisia perviridis Cereus martinii Eriocereus perviridis Eriocereus martinii Harrisia martinii Cereus martinii var. perviridis