Heliopsis helianthoides Sweet

Smooth oxeye (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Heliopsis

Characteristics

Perennials, (40–)80–150 cm. Aerial stems (from creeping rhizomes to 4 cm × 2–6 mm, rhizome internodes mostly 2–10 mm) 1–10+, stramineous to reddish brown, glabrous or hairy. Leaf blades ovate to deltate-lanceolate, 6–12(–15) × 2–6(–12) cm, margins regularly to irregularly and coarsely dentate, apices acute to acuminate, faces glabrous, sparsely pubescent, moderately to densely scabrellous, or scabrous. Heads 1–15+. Peduncles 9–25 cm. Involucres 12–25 mm diam. Phyllaries glabrescent to densely pubescent on margins, apices, and abaxial faces. Paleae lanceolate to oblong, apices obtuse, faces glabrous. Ray florets 10–18; corollas golden yellow, laminae mostly 2–4 cm × 6–13 mm. Disc florets 10–75+; corollas yellowish to brownish yellow (lobes brighter than tubes), 4–5 mm, glabrous. Cypselae 4–5 mm, glabrous or pubescent on angles, smooth; pappi 0 or of 2–4 minute, toothlike scales. 2n = 28 (variety unknown).
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Robust, fibrous-rooted perennial 5–15 dm; lvs ovate or lance-ovate, often subtruncate at base, serrate, 5–15 × 2.5–8 cm, on petioles 5–35 mm; heads naked-pedunculate, the disk 1–2.5 cm wide; rays 8–16, rather pale yellow, 1.5–4 cm; achenes essentially glabrous; 2n=28. Rich to dry woods, prairies, and waste places; Que. to B.C., s. to Ga. and N.M. July–Oct. Var. helianthoides, with glabrous, often glaucous stem and rather thin lvs smooth on both sides or merely slightly scabrous above, occurs from N.Y. to Mich. and Ill., and s. to Ga. and Miss. Var. scabra (Dunal) Fernald, with firmer lvs scabrous on both sides, the stem often scabrous as well, occurs in the Great Plains and prairie region, and e. across the n. part of our range to the Atlantic. (H. scabra)
A herb.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 1.5
Root system fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.4
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Open woods, prairies, old pastures, edges of fields, meadows, road banks, ditches; at elevations up to 2,300 metres.
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It is a temperate plant. It suits hardiness zones 4-9.
Light 5-8
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-8

Usage

Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible flowers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 28
Germination temperacture (C°) 20
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -35
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Heliopsis helianthoides habit picture by yangsheng zhang (cc-by-sa)
Heliopsis helianthoides habit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Heliopsis helianthoides habit picture by Sabina Hartmann (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Heliopsis helianthoides leaf picture by Railey (cc-by-sa)
Heliopsis helianthoides leaf picture by Railey (cc-by-sa)
Heliopsis helianthoides leaf picture by Asdf Qwert (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Heliopsis helianthoides flower picture by Ingeborg Wüstneck (cc-by-sa)
Heliopsis helianthoides flower picture by Jeff Smith (cc-by-sa)
Heliopsis helianthoides flower picture by Railey (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Heliopsis helianthoides world distribution map, present in Canada and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:213534-1
WFO ID wfo-0000010572
COL ID 3KC2M
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Heliopsis oppositifolia Heliopsis helianthoides Helepta grandiflora Silphium solidaginoides Heliopsis helianthodes Helepta angustifolia Buphthalmum helianthoides Rudbeckia oppositifolia Helepta parviflora Heliopsis helianthoides Heliopsis helianthoides subsp. helianthoides Heliopsis helianthoides var. helianthoides Heliopsis helianthoides var. solidaginoides Silphium helianthoides

Lower taxons

Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra