Erect perennial herb up to 45(60) cm high, with a thin rootstock and usually branched from the base; stem and branches angular, ± densely strigose with 2-armed trichomes. Leaves 18-60(75) x 1-4(8) mm, linear, basal ones usually narrowly elliptic, rough on both surfaces, strigose with 2-armed trichomes on the midrib and also sometimes on the secondary nerves below, acute to obtuse at apex, gradually narrowed into a short petiole at base, with entire revolute margins. Cymes short, up to 9 cm long when completely expanded, lax, ebracteate, often 2-4 together on short terminal peduncles. Flowers sessile or subsessile. Calyx subglabrous outside, glabrous or subglabrous inside; lobes 1.0-1.8 mm long, narrowly ovate to narrowly triangular, subequal, acute to obtuse, erect. Corolla narrowly infundibuliform, white, cream or yellow, clothed with scale-like 2-armed trichomes outside, glabrous inside; tube (3)4-5 mm long; lobes 1.2-2.0 mm long, triangular-acuminate and with undulate margins, subequal. Stamens inserted about the middle of the corolla tube; anthers 1.0-1.3 mm long, narrowly oblong, apiculate, subsessile. Ovary ovoid, glabrous. Style 1.0-1.6 mm long, terete, glabrous; stigmatic ring c. 0.5 mm in diameter, well-marked; sterile appendix c. 1 mm long, conical, bi-or 4-fid, glabrous. Fruits c. 2.0 x 3.5 x 2.0 mm, transversely ellipsoid, deeply depressed laterally, granulate-verrucose; nutlets free, usually narrowly winged, with the inner faces ± flat; each nutlet includes 2 cavities, the distal one fertile, the proximal one empty and usually smaller than the other.
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Perennial herb, up to 0.6 m high. Stems erect. Leaves sessile; young shoots often in axils of leaves; blade linear, up to 30 x 2 mm, apex acute to obtuse, base cuneate, margin entire, lower surface with 2-armed hairs on midrib and undeveloped setae on blade. Flowers: in helicoid cymes, ebracteate; style with upper part of style head cylindrical, glabrous; calyx persistent, much shorter than corolla tube; corolla with tube 4-5 mm long, throat naked, lobes triangular, apices acuminate, white, cream-coloured or yellow; Oct.-May. Fruit two 2-seeded nutlets, rugose.
Erect perennial herb, up to 450(-600) mm tall, with 2-branched trichomes. Leaves linear. Corolla lobes acuminate, tube longer than calyx. Flowers white, cream or yellow.