Heliotropium steudneri Vatke

Species

Angiosperms > Boraginales > Boraginaceae > Heliotropium

Characteristics

Perennial ± erect or spreading herb, sometimes subshrubby, 0.15–1 m. tall; stems branched, usually distinctly woody below, several from a woody rootstock, densely ± persistently hairy with spreading and short ± adpressed white hairs, or all adpressed; lower stems with ± glabrous fissured epidermis.. Leaf-blades narrowly elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate or oblong, 0.7–9(–12.5) cm. long, 0.4–2.5(–3.2) cm. wide, ± acute at the apex, cuneate at the base, often obscurely crenulate and sometimes distinctly wrinkled, frequently distinctly bullate above with venation impressed, sparsely to very densely covered with long and short white hairs above and mainly on raised nerves beneath with rest of lower surface with only much shorter hairs or ± granular; petiole mostly short (to ± 1.2 cm.), only about 1/10 the length of the lamina or even obsolete.. Cymes mostly long and simple but often 2–3-branched, very short and scorpioid at first, soon extending to 5–20(–37) cm. long, the peduncle 1.5–7 cm. long, the axes with long and short hairs; flowers sessile, often foul-smelling.. Calyx very variable, 2.5–4.5(–5.5) mm. long, densely pubescent, lobed ± to the base, the lobes linear-lanceolate, 0.5 mm. wide, tapering.. Corolla white or creamy yellow with yellow to deep olive centre; tube narrowly funnel-shaped above and pubescent, narrower and glabrous at the base, 4–5.5 mm. long; lobes obovate-oblong or oblong, 2–3 mm. long, 1.5–1.8 mm. wide, rounded at apex, strongly reticulate veined.. Anthers variably placed in upper middle part of the tube or even below the middle but tips not exserted.. Style (0.5–)0.6–2 mm. long; stigma conical with narrowed tip, 0.8–1.8 mm. long, papillate with short stiff hairs, often shortly bilobed at the tip, each lobe again shortly bifid.. Fruit depressed ovoid, 2.5–3 mm. tall, 3.5 mm. wide, glabrous, slightly rugulose.. Nutlets 2, somewhat flanged where they join and with an asymmetrical shallow narrow groove from apex to base and often lateral elliptic depressions on the junction.
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Erect or procumbent perennial herb 60-90 cm high, woody to the base, sometimes with a thick rootstock; stems and branches ± densely clothed with short appressed hairs with a few longer spreading ones. Leaves alternate, sessile or with petiole up to 6 mm long; lamina 20-60(80) x 4-15 mm, lanceolate, pubescent to rough above, pubescent to subglabrous below, acute to obtuse at apex, cuneate at base and sometimes decurrent on the petiole, margins slightly revolute and sometimes undulate to crisp and with 3-5(6) secondary nerves on each side of the midrib. Cymes up to 12(18) cm long when full expanded, single or in pairs, terminal. Flowers sessile or subsessile. Calyx 2.5-3.5(4.5) mm long, hairy outside, hairy to glabrous inside; lobes narrowly triangular to linear, obtuse, stellate-spreading after the nutlets are shed. Corolla quite white or with yellow throat; tube 3.5-5.5 mm long, appressed hairy outside, glabrous inside; lobes 1.3-2.0 x 1.1-1.8 mm oblong to subquadrate, obtuse to truncate, usually with very undulate margins, unequal, spreading. Stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla tube; anthers 1.4-1.8 mm long, oblong, apiculate, glabrous, often glaucous, subsessile. Ovary ovoid-conical, glabrous. Style 1.0-1.5 mm long, terete, glabrous; stigmatic ring 0.5-0.7 mm in diam.; sterile appendix 0.7-1.0 mm long, as broad at the base as the stigmatic ring, papillose. Fruits 3-4 mm long, coarsely obpyriform and depressed between the pairs of nutlets or more often strongly asymmetrical by abortion of 1-3 seeds, smooth, glabrous; nutlets connate in pairs, each pair emarginate at apex.
Leaves alternate, sessile or with petiole up to 6 mm. long; lamina 20–60(80) x 4–15 mm., lanceolate, pubescent to rough above, pubescent to subglabrous below, acute to obtuse at apex, cuneate at base and sometimes decurrent on the petiole, margins slightly revolute and sometimes undulate to crisp and with 3–5(6) secondary nerves on each side of the midrib.
Erect or procumbent perennial herb, 0.6-0.9 m high. Leaves lanceolate. Corolla lobes oblong to subquad-rate, obtuse to truncate, tube with antrorse hairs. Style well developed. Fruit ± obpyriform, not pustulate, glabrous; nutlets cohering in pairs. Flowers white or with yellow throat.
Corolla quite white or with yellow throat; tube 3.5–5.5 mm. long, appressed hairy outside, glabrous inside; lobes 1.3–2.0 x 1.1–1.8 mm. oblong to subquadrate, obtuse to truncate, usually with very undulate margins, unequal, spreading.
Fruits 3–4 mm. long, coarsely obpyrifonn and depressed between the pairs of nutlets or more often strongly asymmetrical by abortion of 1–3 seeds, smooth, glabrous; nutlets connate in pairs, each pair emarginate at apex.
Erect or procumbent perennial herb 60–90 cm. high, woody to the base, sometimes with a thick rootstock; stems and branches ± densely clothed with short appressed hairs with a few longer spreading ones.
Style 1.0–1.5 mm. long, terete, glabrous; stigmatic ring 0.5–0.7 mm. in diam.; sterile appendix 0.7–1.0 mm. long, as broad at the base as the stigmatic ring, papillose.
Calyx 2.5–3.5(4.5) mm. long, hairy outside, hairy to glabrous inside; lobes narrowly triangular to linear, obtuse, stellate-spreading after the nutlets are shed.
Stamens inserted at the middle of the corolla tube; anthers 1.4–1.8 mm. long, oblong, apiculate, glabrous, often glaucous, subsessile.
Cymes up to 12(18) cm. long when full expanded, single or in pairs, terminal.
Ovary ovoid-conical, glabrous.
Flowers sessile or subsessile.
A tree.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.6 - 0.9
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Open localities, grassland and dry bushland on dry, poor, often sandy soil at elevations from 100-1,350 metres.
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It is a tropical plant.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-4
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

The flesh of the fruit is eaten raw.
Uses animal food medicinal
Edible fruits leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 42
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Heliotropium steudneri habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Heliotropium steudneri habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Heliotropium steudneri habit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Heliotropium steudneri leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Heliotropium steudneri leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Heliotropium steudneri leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Heliotropium steudneri flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Heliotropium steudneri flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Heliotropium steudneri flower picture by emiel bogaarts (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Heliotropium steudneri fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Heliotropium steudneri fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Heliotropium steudneri fruit picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Heliotropium steudneri world distribution map, present in Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, United Republic of, and South Africa

Conservation status

Heliotropium steudneri threat status: Critically Endangered

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:117247-1
WFO ID wfo-0001215459
COL ID 6LKWF
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Heliotropium chiatellinii Heliotropium gorinii Heliotropium pectinatum Heliotropium abyssinicum Heliotropium bottae Heliotropium dissimile Heliotropium nelsonii Heliotropium rogersii Heliotropium hirsutissimum Heliotropium eduardi Heliotropium pectinatum subsp. septentrionale Heliotropium pectinatum subsp. mkomaziense Heliotropium steudneri

Lower taxons

Heliotropium steudneri subsp. bullatum Heliotropium steudneri var. iringensis